SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly period ended
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File No.
(Exact Name of Small Business Issuer as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction | (IRS Employer File Number) |
| of incorporation) |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
|
The (Nasdaq Global Market) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:
(1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter period
that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405
of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
| Smaller reporting company | |
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐
As of August 10, 2023, registrant had shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock at a par value of $0.001 per share.
FORM 10-Q
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| 2 |
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
References in this document to "us," "we," or "Company" refer to Focus Universal Inc.
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Index to the Financial Statements
| 3 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
| June 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable – related party | ||||||||
| Inventory | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Marketable equity securities | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Deposits | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Treasury stock payable | ||||||||
| Other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities, current portion | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Lease liabilities, less current portion | ||||||||
| Other liability | ||||||||
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Contingencies (Note 12) | ||||||||
| Stockholders' Equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock, par value $ per share, shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2022 | ||||||||
| Treasury stock at cost ( shares and shares held at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Shares to be issued, common shares | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Total Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
| 4 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
| Three Months Ended June 30, | Six Months Ended June 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Revenue - related party | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Compensation - officers and directors | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other Income (Expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense), net | ||||||||||||||||
| Gain on bargain purchase | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Realized gain (loss) on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Rental income | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income, net | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Other comprehensive items | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain (loss) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weight Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding: Basic and Diluted | ||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss per common share: Basic and Diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
| 5 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022
(Unaudited)
| Common stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-In | Shares to be issued Common | Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Shares | Amount | at Cost | Capital | Shares | Deficit | Loss | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – March 31, 2023 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - options | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - shares | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issued stock dividend | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – March 31, 2022* | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - options | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - shares | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock to be issued for service | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – June 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(continued)
| 6 |
| Common stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-In | Shares to be issued Common | Accumulated | Accumulated Other Comprehensive | Total Stockholders’ | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Shares | Amount | at Cost | Capital | Shares | Deficit | Loss | Equity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – December 31, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - options | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation – cashless exercise options | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - shares | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Retirement of treasury stock | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issued stock dividend | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – June 30, 2023 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – December 31, 2022* | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - options | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - shares | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock to be issued for service | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance – June 30, 2022* | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
*Retroactively applied to the stock split
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
| 7 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| Six Months Ended June 30, | ||||||||
| 2023 | 2022 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Bad debt expense | ||||||||
| Inventory fair value net realizable | ( | ) | ||||||
| Depreciation expense | ||||||||
| Amortization of intangible assets | ||||||||
| Unrealized (gain) loss on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Realized (gain) loss on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||
| SBA loan forgiveness | ( | ) | ||||||
| Gain on bargain purchase | ( | ) | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation – shares | ||||||||
| Stock option compensation – options | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable - related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Inventory | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other receivable | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deposit | ( | ) | ||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other current liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other liabilities | ||||||||
| Net cash flows used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Purchase of marketable securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Proceeds from sale of marketable securities | ||||||||
| Net cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash flows used in financing activities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net change in cash | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental cash flow disclosure: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure for noncash financing activities: | ||||||||
| Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
| 8 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 2023 AND 2022
(UNAUDITED)
Note 1 – Organization and Operations
Focus Universal Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on December 4, 2012. It is a universal smart instrument developer and manufacturer, headquartered in Ontario, California, specializing in the development and commercialization of novel and proprietary universal smart technologies and instruments. Focus Universal Inc. is also a provider of patented hardware and software design technologies for Internet of Things (IoT) and 5G. The Company has developed what it believes are five disruptive patented technology platforms with 26 patents and patents pending in various phases and 8 trademarks pending in various phases to solve what it believes are the major problems facing hardware and software design and production within the industry today. These technologies combined have the potential to reduce costs, product development timelines and energy usage while increasing range, speed, efficiency, and security of the IoT and 5G networks.
The Company has multiple subsidiaries, including Perfecular Inc. (“Perfecular”), Focus Universal (Shenzhen) Technology Company LTD (“Focus Shenzhen”), AVX Design & Integration, Inc. (“AVX,” also doing business as Smart AVX (“Smart AVX”)), Lusher Bioscientific, Inc. (“Lusher”), and AT Tech Systems LLC (“AT Tech Systems”). Perfecular, a wholly owned subsidiary of Focus that was founded in September 2009 and is headquartered in Ontario, California, is engaged in designing digital sensor products and selling a broad selection of horticultural sensors and filters in North America and Europe. AVX, incorporated on June 16, 2000 in the state of California, is an IoT installation and management company specializing in high performance and easy to use audio/video systems, home theaters, lighting control, automation and integration. Services provided by AVX include full integration of houses, apartments, commercial complexes, office spaces with audio, visual and control systems to fully integrate devices in the low voltage field, specializing in high end residential smart IoT install projects in areas throughout the Southern California area. AVX’s services also include partial equipment upgrade and installation. AVX also markets and sells our IoT Products, such as high end LED, live wall panel products and cameras, under the Smart AVX name. Focus set up a branch in Shenzhen China, Focus Shenzhen, to be engaged in IoT research and development, equipment sales, application services, and software development and sales, amongst other activities.
As of January 6, 2023, AT Tech Systems is a subsidiary of Focus specializing in commercial and industrial smart IoT install projects in areas throughout the Southern California area. AT Tech Systems has several clients from medical/dental facilities and commercial and industrial projects, including several with notable manufacturers and wholesalers, and provides clients with integrated network, security, and multimedia design solutions and technology systems.
The Company has completed integration throughout its existing businesses, including key employees serving dual roles with its subsidiaries. For example, Mr. Anthony Tejeda serves as the Company’s director of installation services, as the vice president of operations of AVX, and as chief operating officer of AT Tech Systems.
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Focus and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Perfecular, AVX, Focus Shenzhen, Lusher and AT Tech Systems (collectively, the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
| 9 |
Segment Reporting
The Company currently has three operating segments. First, Focus and Focus Shenzhen collectively operate our “Corporate and R&D” segment, which involves the non-specific financing, executive expense, operations and investor relations of our public entity, and the general shared management and costs across the Company’s subsidiaries that spread across all functional categories and research and development of technology products. Second, Perfecular, AVX (doing business as Smart AVX) and Lusher jointly operate the “IoT Products” segment, which involves the wholesale, marketing, and production of our universal smart instruments and devices in the hydroponic and controlled agriculture segments and of our smart products into the commercial and home automation sectors. And third, AVX (exclusive of the smart IoT Products sales under Smart AVX) and AT Tech Systems cooperatively run our “IoT Installation Services” segment, which handles our IoT installation and management business specializing in high performance and easy to use audio/video systems, home theaters, lighting control, automation, and integration.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.
The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected. Significant estimates in the accompanying financial statements include the lease term impacting right-of-use asset with the estimate discount rate and lease liability, useful lives of property and equipment, useful lives of intangible assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, and the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. The Company regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions.
Cash
The Company considers all highly liquid investments
with a maturity of three months or less to be cash. At times, such investments may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC) insurance limits. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, approximately $
Accounts Receivable
The Company grants credit to clients that sell the Company’s products or engage in construction service under credit terms that it believes are customary in the industry and do not require collateral to support customer receivables. The accounts receivable balances are generally collected within 30 to 180 days of the product sale.
Allowance for doubtful accounts
The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful
accounts based on historical collection trends and review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. It is reasonably possible
that the Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts will change. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, allowance
for doubtful accounts amounted to $
| 10 |
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by investing its cash with high credit quality financial institutions.
Inventory
Inventory consists primarily of parts and finished goods and is valued at the lower of the inventory’s cost or net realizable value under the first in, first out method (“FIFO Method”). Management compares the cost of inventory with its market value and a fair value adjustment is made to write down inventory to market value, if lower. Inventory fair value adjustments are recorded for obsolete or slow-moving inventory based on assumptions about future demand and marketability of products, the impact of new product introductions and specific identification of items, such as discontinued products. These estimates could vary significantly from actual requirements, for example, if future economic conditions, customer inventory levels or competitive conditions differ from expectations. The Company regularly reviews the value of inventory based on historical usage and estimated future usage. If net realized value of our inventory is less than cost, we make provisions in order to reduce its carrying value to its net realizable value.
Marketable Equity Securities
The Company invests part of its excess treasury cash in equity securities and money market funds according to company treasury and investment policies. Marketable securities represent trading securities bought and held primarily for sale in the near-term to generate income on short-term price differences and are stated at fair value. Realized gains and losses are recognized the fair value differences when the trading securities been sold based on the FIFO Method. Unrealized gains and losses are recognized the fair value differences of unsold trading securities for the period end based on the FIFO Method. Both realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense).
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. The cost and accumulated depreciation of assets sold or retired are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is included in earnings. Maintenance and repairs are expensed currently. Major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are as follows:
| Fixed assets | Useful life |
| Furniture | |
| Equipment | |
| Warehouse | |
| Improvement | |
| Land |
Long-Lived Assets
The Company applies the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets. ASC 360 requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that those fair values are reduced for the cost of disposal. Long-term assets of the Company are reviewed when circumstances warrant as to whether their carrying value has become impaired. The Company considers assets to be impaired if the carrying value exceeds the future projected cash flows from related operations. The Company also re-evaluates the periods of amortization to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. Based on its review at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company believes there was no impairment of its long-lived assets.
| 11 |
Intangible Assets
The Company’s intangible assets were acquired from AT Tech Systems due to customer relationships using the multi-period excess earnings method. These intangible assets were valued based on the AT Tech Systems business acquisition. The value is based on the assessed income expected to be generated from the existing customer list, namely the carry-over of the existing contracts after a careful evaluation of the customer list. Amortization on the intangible assets was computed by the percentage completed for these existing assets and fully amortized as of June 30, 2023.
Treasury stock
Purchases and sales of treasury stock are accounted for using the cost method. Under this method, shares acquired are recorded at the acquisition price directly to the treasury stock account. The Company does not recognize a gain or loss to income from the purchase and sale of treasury stock.
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation to employees in conformity with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 718, Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation to employees consist of stock options, grants, and restricted shares that are recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values at the date of grant.
The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the period during which services are received.
The Company calculates the fair value of option grants utilizing the Black-Scholes pricing model (see Note 11) and estimates the fair value of the stock based upon the estimated fair value of the common stock. The amount of stock-based compensation recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest.
The resulting stock-based compensation expense for both employee and non-employee awards is generally recognized on a straight- line basis over the requisite service period of the award.
Warrants
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC Topic 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity and FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging. The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own ordinary shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all
of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the
time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required
to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair
value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations. The Company calculates the fair value
of warrants utilizing the Black-Scholes pricing model. The Company does
Stock Dividends
The Company issued a fifty percent (50%) stock dividend of the Company’s common stock to its shareholders for a stock dividend of one share of common stock for every two shares of common stock held. The Company follows paragraph ASC 505-20-25 in treating its stock dividend as a stock split due to the stock dividend being greater than 25% of the shares then outstanding. On March 23, 2023 and April 3, 2023, the Company issued 21,592,164 stock dividends to its shareholders for a stock dividend of one share of common stock for every two shares of common stock issued and outstanding. The Company also adheres to paragraph ASC 260-10-55-12, wherein it retroactively adjusted its statement of stockholders’ equity for all presented periods to incorporate the alteration in capital structure. The retroactive treatment is based on a fifty percent (50%) stock dividend of the Company’s common stock to its shareholders on March 23, 2023. The Company does not capitalize its retained earnings, and there is no impact to the Company’s overall equity or its total assets.
| 12 |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company follows paragraph ASC 825-10-50-10 for disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments and paragraph ASC 820-10-35-37 (“Paragraph 820-10-35-37”) to measure the fair value of its financial instruments. Paragraph 820-10-35-37 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures, Paragraph 820-10-35-37 establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels of fair value hierarchy defined by Paragraph 820-10-35-37 are described below:
| · | Level 1: Quoted market prices available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. | |
| · | Level 2: Pricing inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. | |
| · | Level 3: Pricing inputs that are generally unobservable inputs and not corroborated by market data. |
The following table summarize financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| June 30, 2023 (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Carrying | |||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Value | |||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| December 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Carrying | |||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Value | |||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts receivable, inventory, other receivables, prepaid expenses, deposit, accounts payable, treasury stock payable and accrued expenses, other current liabilities, customer deposit, approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.
Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free-market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated.
However, it is not practical to determine the fair value of advances from stockholders, if any, due to their related party nature.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are included in comprehensive income but are excluded from net income (loss) as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders’ equity. The Company’s other comprehensive loss for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and for the year ended December 31, 2022 was comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments.
| 13 |
Revenue Recognition
On September 1, 2018, the Company adopted FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers using the modified retrospective transition approach. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recognized in a manner that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled for exchange of those goods or services. The Company’s updated accounting policies and related disclosures are set forth below, including the disclosure for disaggregated revenue. The impact of adopting ASC 606 was not material to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Revenue from the Company is recognized under ASC 606 in a manner that reasonably reflects the delivery of its services and products to customers in return for expected consideration and includes the following elements:
| · | executed contracts with the Company’s customers that it believes are legally enforceable; | |
| · | identification of performance obligations in the respective contract; | |
| · | determination of the transaction price for each performance obligation in the respective contract; | |
| · | allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation; and | |
| · | recognition of revenue only when the Company satisfies each performance obligation. |
These five elements, as applied to each of the Company’s revenue categories, is summarized below:
| · | Product sales – revenue is recognized at the time of sale upon the delivery of equipment to the customer. | |
| · | Service sales – revenue is recognized based on the service having been provided and the agreed upon performance obligation has been completed to the customer. |
Revenue from our project construction is recognized over time using the percentage-of-completion method under the cost approach. The percentage of completion is determined by estimating stage of work completed. Under this approach, recognized contract revenue equals the total estimated contract revenue multiplied by the percentage of completion. Our construction contracts are unit priced, and an accounts receivable is recorded for amounts invoiced based on actual units produced.
Cost of Revenue, excluding depreciation & amortization
Cost of revenue includes the cost of services, labor and product incurred to provide product sales, service sales and project sales.
Research and development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs primarily consist of efforts to refine existing product models and develop new product models.
| 14 |
Related Parties
The Company follows Section 10 of FASB ASC Topic 850, Related Party Disclosures for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions. Pursuant to ASC 850-10-20 the related parties include: (a) affiliates of the Company; (b) entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, absent the election of the fair value option under the Fair Value Option Subsection of ASC 825–10–15, to be accounted for by the equity method by the investing entity; (c) trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of management; (d) principal owners of the Company; (e) management of the Company; (f) other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests; and (g) other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests.
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements shall include disclosures of material related party transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and other similar items in the ordinary course of business. However, disclosure of transactions that are eliminated in the preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements is not required in those statements. The disclosures shall include: (a) the nature of the relationship(s) involved; (b) a description of the transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements; (c) the dollar amounts of transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that used in the preceding period; and (d) amounts due from or to related parties as of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the terms and manner of settlement.
Commitments and Contingencies
The Company follows Section 20 of FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies to report accounting for loss contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.
If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed.
Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Management does not believe, based upon information available at this time that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there is no assurance that such matters will not materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations or cash flows.
Gain on Bargain Purchase
A bargain purchase gain is recognized when the net assets acquired in a business combination have a higher fair value than the consideration paid.
| 15 |
Income Tax Provision
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. ASC 740 requires a company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, the Company does not foresee generating taxable income in the near future and utilizing its deferred tax asset, therefore, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company has no material uncertain tax positions for any of the reporting periods presented.
Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences in recognizing certain income, expense and credit items for financial reporting purposes and tax reporting purposes. Such deferred income taxes primarily relate to the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. There were no material deferred tax assets or liabilities as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the
Company did
Net income (loss) per share is computed pursuant to Section 10-45 of FASB ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. Basic net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of stock and potentially outstanding shares of stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through contingent shares issuance arrangements, stock options or warrants.
Due to the net loss incurred by the Company, potentially dilutive instruments would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss for all periods presented. The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
| Six Months Ended June 30, | 2023 | 2022 | ||||||
| Stock options | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
While the EPS treatment was applied in Q2 ended June 30, 2032, the adjustment is also retroactive accordingly.
Reclassification
Certain reclassifications have been made to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the prior period to the current year’s presentation. Such reclassifications have no effect on net income as previously reported.
| 16 |
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The reporting and functional currency of Focus is the U.S. dollar (USD). The functional currency of Focus Shenzhen is the renminbi (RMB).
For financial reporting purposes, the financial statements of Focus Shenzhen, which are prepared using the RMB, are translated into the USD. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average exchange rates prevailing during each reporting period. Stockholders’ equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Adjustments resulting from the translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity.
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. The resulting exchange difference, presented as foreign currency transaction loss, is included in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The exchange rates used for unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are as follows:
|
Average Rate for the Six Months Ended June 30, |
||||||||
|
2023 (Unaudited) |
2022 (Unaudited) |
|||||||
| China Yuan (RMB) | RMB | RMB | ||||||
| United States Dollar ($) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Exchange Rate at | ||||||||
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| China Yuan (RMB) | RMB | RMB | ||||||
| United States Dollar ($) | $ | $ | ||||||
Going Concern
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASC 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The Company has assessed its ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date of the issuance of these unconsolidated financial statements. Substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern exists when relevant conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate that it is probable that the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year from the financial statement issuance date. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company currently suffered recurring loss from operations, generated negative cash flow from operating activities, has an accumulated deficit and has not completed its efforts to establish a stabilized source of revenues sufficient to cover operating costs over an extended period of time. These conditions raise substantial doubt as to its ability to continue as a going concern. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of reported asset amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
The Company has a net loss of $
Note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncement
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, (Topic 326), Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which amends the current accounting guidance and requires the use of the new forward-looking “expected loss” model, rather than the “incurred loss” model, which requires all expected losses to be determined based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance amends the accounting for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments including trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 to postpone the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for public business entities eligible to be smaller reporting companies defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company believes the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 will not have a material impact on its financial position and results of operations.
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards could have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements. As new accounting pronouncements are issued, we will adopt those that are applicable under the circumstances.
| 17 |
Note 4 – Inventory
At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, inventory consisted of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Parts | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finished goods | ||||||||
| Inventory | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 5 – Deposits
The
deposits balance as of June 30, 2023 amounted to $
Note 6 – Property and Equipment
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, property and equipment consisted of the following:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Warehouse | $ | $ | ||||||
| Land | ||||||||
| Building improvement | ||||||||
| Furniture and fixture | ||||||||
| Equipment | ||||||||
| Software | ||||||||
| Total cost | ||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022
amounted to $42,209 and $41,898, respectively. Depreciation expense for the six months ended
June 30, 2023 and 2022 amounted to $
Note 7 – Intangible Assets, net
The following table presents the intangible assets balances as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Customer Relationship | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less accumulated amortization | ( | ) | ||||||
| Intangible assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| 18 |
Note 8 – Related Party Transactions
Revenue generated from Vitashower Corp., a company
owned by the Chief Executive Officer’s wife, amounted to $
Note 9 – Business Concentration and Risks
Major customers
Two customers accounted for
Major vendors
No major vendor accounted more than
Note 10 – Lease
The Company recorded its operating lease expense
of $
On December 7, 2021, Focus Shenzhen entered into a thirty-eight month commercial lease with a third party for an approximately 5,895 square foot office space. The lease commenced on December 25, 2021 and was scheduled to end on February 28, 2025. The monthly rent was RMB70,097 (approximately $9,663) with approximately an 11.1% to 12.5% increase rate in each additional year. The incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments for the asset under similar terms, which is 10%. Lease expense for this lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. This lease was terminated on February 22, 2023.
On January 16, 2023, Focus Shenzhen entered into a thirty-six month commercial lease with a third party for an approximately 2,017 square foot office space. The lease commenced on February 1, 2023 and will end on January 31, 2026. The monthly rent is RMB29,974 (approximately $4,132) with approximately an 11.1% to 12.5% increase rate in each additional year. The incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments for the asset under similar terms, which is 10%. Lease expense for this lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
On February 22, 2023, Focus Shenzhen entered into a thirty-six month commercial lease with a third party for an approximately 3,449 square foot office space. The lease commenced on March 31, 2023 and will end on February 28, 2026. The monthly rent is RMB35,246 (approximately $4,859) with approximately an 11.1% to 12.5% increase rate in each additional year. The incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments for the asset under similar terms, which is 10%. Lease expense for this lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
| 19 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities were as follows:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Amortization | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | $ | $ | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, current portion | $ | $ | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, less current portion | $ | $ | ||||||
Lease term and discount rate:
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term | ||||||||
| Operating lease | ||||||||
| Weighted average discount rate | ||||||||
| Operating lease | ||||||||
The minimum future lease payments are as follows:
| Amount | ||||
| Year ending December 31, 2023 | $ | |||
| Year ending December 31, 2024 | ||||
| Year ending December 31, 2025 | ||||
| Year ending December 31, 2026 | ||||
| Total minimum lease payment | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( | ) | ||
| Present value of future minimum lease payments | $ | |||
Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity
Shares authorized
Upon formation, the total number of shares of all classes of stock that the Company is authorized to issue is seventy-five million () shares of common stock, par value $ per share.
Common stock
On March 23, 2023, the Company issued a fifty percent (50%) stock dividend of the Company’s common stock to its shareholders for a stock dividend of one share of common stock for every two shares of common stock held.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company issued shares of common stock.
On January 17, 2023, the Company retired shares obtained pursuant to a prior stock repurchase agreement as announced in a current report on October 7, 2022.
On February 13, 2023, the Company issued shares to employees based on their Restricted Stock Award Agreements (see Employee compensation).
On February 21, 2023, the Company issued shares to one of the prior board members who exercised his options with cashless exercise.
On April 3, 2023, the Company issued shares to round up the stock dividend effective on March 23, 2023.
| 20 |
During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company issued shares of common stock.
On April 4, 2022, the Company issued shares
of its common stock to Boustead Securities LLC (“Boustead”), which were for the warrants exercised by Boustead on September
7, 2021. The warrants were issued to Boustead in connection with the Company’s initial public offering with an exercise price of
$4.16. The shares issued to Boustead were valued at $
On May 2, 2022, the Company issued shares
to consultants in exchange for professional services rendered. The shares were valued at $
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had shares and shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
Treasury stock
On August 10, 2022, the Company entered a stock purchase agreement (the “Stock Purchase Agreement”) with a private shareholder to repurchase 400,000 shares of its common stock for $2,000,000. The private shareholder transferred the shares on October 4, 2022, forming a binding agreement, which the Company placed in treasury; and on October 6, 2022, the Company wired the first $1,000,000 of the purchase price. Subsequently, on July 14, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to the Stock Purchase Agreement that increased the number of shares of its common stock the Company would purchase to 1,300,000 shares and revised the total purchase price of the shares to $1,965,000 (See Note 14). The remaining $965,000 was paid on July 14, 2023. Upon receipt of the additional 900,000 shares, the Company also placed them in treasury. As of January 17, 2023, the Company retired the initial 400,000 shares and restored them to the status of authorized and unissued shares.
As part of the Company’s repurchase
program, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 the Company repurchased
shares of its common stock for $
As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had and treasury shares, respectively. The intention of the Company is to retire the additional 900,000 shares obtained pursuant to the amendment to the Stock Purchase Agreement along with the 233,040 shares repurchased during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
Employee stock-based compensation
During
the six months ended June 30, 2023, the Company entered into employment contracts with three employees of
its engineering staff. These employment contracts contained provisions for a total bonus of restricted stock grants valued at $
On February 11, 2022 (the “Vesting Date”), the Company entered into a restricted stock award agreement (the “Award Agreement”) with eight employees for 280,000 shares of the Company’s common stock subject to the terms and to the fulfillment of the conditions set forth in the Company’s equity incentive plan. The first 20% of the restricted shares were granted and vested on February 11, 2022. An additional 20% of the restricted shares will vest on each anniversary of the Vesting Date until the fourth anniversary of the Vesting Date. There were shares granted as of February 13, 2023. The fair value of the above employee compensation was $ as of June 30, 2023.
| 21 |
In November 2021, the Company entered into a one-year employment agreement with the then VP of Finance and Head of Investor Relations of the Company, pursuant to which the Company awarded a 10,000-share bonus consisting of shares of the Company’s common stock, which will be granted in blocks of 2,500 shares for every quarter certain performance metrics are achieved. In November 2022, the Company entered into an amendment agreement to amend the performance metrics and extend the term. As of June 30, 2023, shares have vested.
In October 2022, the Company entered into an employee agreement with the CFO of the Company, pursuant to which the Company awarded a 10,000-share bonus consisting of shares of the Company’s common stock, which will be granted in blocks of 2,500 shares every quarter. As of June 30, 2023, shares have vested.
During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the total employee stock-based compensation amount for all employees in the company, was $ and $, respectively.
Stock options
On August 6, 2019, each member of the Board was granted options to purchase shares at $ per share.
On January 4, 2021, each member of the Board was granted options to purchase shares at $ per share.
On December 31, 2021, each member of the Board was granted options to purchase shares at $ per share.
On December 31, 2022, each member of the Board was granted options to purchase shares at $ per share.
As of June 30, 2023, there were options granted, options vested and exercisable, options unvested, and outstanding stock options.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s stock option compensation expenses amounted to $ and $, respectively.
The fair value of the stock options listed above was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
| December 31, 2022 | ||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | |||
| Expected life of the options | years | |||
| Expected volatility | % | |||
| Expected dividend yield | % | |||
The following is a summary of the option activity from December 31, 2022 to June 30, 2023:
| Number of Options | Weighted average exercise price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2022 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | – | – | |||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( |
) | $ | – | – | |||||||||||
| Forfeited or expired | $ | – | – | |||||||||||||
| Outstanding at June 30, 2023 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Vested as of June 30, 2023 | $ | – | ||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at June 30, 2023 | $ | – | ||||||||||||||
| 22 |
Note 12 – Segment reporting
The Company currently has three operating segments. First, Focus and Focus Shenzhen collectively operate our “Corporate and R&D” segment, which involves the non-specific financing, executive expense, operations and investor relations of our public entity, and the general shared management and costs across the Company’s subsidiaries that spread across all functional categories and research and development of technology products. Second, Perfecular, AVX (doing business as Smart AVX) and Lusher jointly operate the “IoT Products” segment, which involves the wholesale, marketing, and production of our universal smart instruments and devices in the hydroponic and controlled agriculture segments and of our smart instruments into the commercial and home automation sectors. And third, AVX (exclusive of the smart IoT Products sales under Smart AVX) and AT Tech Systems cooperatively run our “IoT Installation Services” segment, which handles our IoT installation and management business specializing in high performance and easy to use audio/video systems, home theaters, lighting control, automation, and integration.
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate and R&D | IoT Products | IoT Installation Services | Total | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Revenue – related party | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Compensation – officers and directors | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Cost and Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other Income (Expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on bargain purchase | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
| Realized loss on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Rental income | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Tax expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| 23 |
| Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
Corporate and R&D | IoT Products | IoT Installation Services | Total | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Revenue – related party | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Compensation – officers and directors | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Cost and Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other Income (Expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Gain on bargain purchase | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Realized loss on marketable equity securities | ||||||||||||||||
| Rental income | ||||||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||
| Tax expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||||
| 24 |
Note 13 – Business Combination
On January 6, 2023, the Company completed the business combination of AT Tech Systems for a purchase price of $1 in cash. The Company’s intangible assets were acquired from AT Tech Systems due to customer relationships using the multi-period excess earnings method. Amortization on the intangible assets was fully amortized during the six months ended June 30, 2023. A bargain purchase gain is recognized when the net assets acquired in a business combination have a higher fair value than the consideration paid. The result of AT Tech Systems’ operations has been included in the condensed consolidated financial statement since that date.
The following table summarizes the purchase consideration and fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of January 6, 2023:
| Assets: | ||||
| Accounts receivable | $ | |||
| Intangible assets | ||||
| Total assets acquired | $ | |||
| Liabilities: | ||||
| Accounts payable | $ | |||
| Total liabilities assumed | ||||
| Purchase Price | ( | ) | ||
| Total bargain purchase gain | $ | |||
As a result of above information that existed as of the combination date, the Company recorded a bargain purchase gain of $61,747 during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
The excess of the aggregate net fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed over the fair value of consideration transferred as the purchase price has been recorded as a bargain purchase gain. Upon completion of the valuation of the acquired assets, the Company concluded that recording a bargain purchase gain with respect to AT Tech Systems was appropriate and required under U.S. GAAP. The Company believes the seller was motivated to complete the transaction as part of an overall repositioning of its business.
Note 14 – Subsequent Events
As described in Note 11 above, on July 14, 2023, the Company entered into an amendment to that certain previous stock purchase agreement wherein the Company agreed to purchase 400,000 shares of its common stock from a single private, non-affiliate for a total purchase price of $2,000,000. The private shareholder transferred the 400,000 shares on October 4, 2022, forming a binding agreement; and on October 6, 2022, the Company wired the first $1,000,000 of the purchase price. While a check for the second $1,000,000 of the purchase price was issued and paid on March 31, 2023, the matter was kept open and direct discussion between the shareholder and the Company continued. As the stock market and the Company share prices continued to fluctuate due to both general market conditions and Company-specific conditions at that point in time, the transaction was not fully completed during the six-month period ended June 30, 2023. Both parties mutually agreed that in fairness to the Company’s shareholders and to benefit the long-term goals of the Company in a number of market-related areas, that an amendment should be negotiated to facilitate growth for the Company in good faith. As a result of these negotiations, the amendment increased the number of shares of its common stock the Company would purchase from two private, non-affiliate shareholders to an aggregate 1,300,000 shares, inclusive of the initial 400,000 shares, and revised the total purchase price of the shares down to an aggregate $1,965,000.
The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the date these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued and determined that there were no other subsequent events or transactions that require recognition or disclosures in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS AND PLAN OF OPERATION
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in, Item 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This item contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, and projections about our industry, management beliefs, and certain assumptions made by our management. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict; therefore, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in any such forward-looking statements. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. However, readers should carefully review the risk factors set forth herein and in other reports and documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, particularly the Reports on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q and any Current Reports on Form 8-K.
Narrative Description of the Business
Focus Universal Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a Nevada corporation. We believe we have developed five proprietary technologies utilizing our patent portfolio which we believe solve the most fundamental problems plaguing the internet of things (“IoT”) industry through: (1) increasing overall chip integration by shifting integration from the component level to the device level; (2) creating a faster 5G cellular technology by using ultra-narrowband technology; (3) leveraging ultra-narrowband power line communication (“PLC”) technology; (4) proprietary User Interface Machine auto generation technology; and (5) incorporating all our core technologies into a single chip. Our Universal Smart Technology is designed to overcome instrumentation interoperability and interchangeability. The electronic design starts from a 90% completed common foundation we call our universal smart instrumentation platform (“USIP”), instead of the current method of building each stand-alone instrument from scratch. Our method eliminates redundant hardware and software and results in significant cost savings and production efficiency. We believe we have developed software machine auto generation technology to replace the manual software designs which are currently in use and cannot satisfy the exponential growth of future IoT industry demand. Internal testing suggests that our ultra-narrowband PLC technology enables users to send data over existing electrical power cables, establishing a ubiquitous data network without substantial investment for a new dedicated wiring infrastructure. We believe our ultra-narrowband technology is capable of overcoming the noise problems communicating through power lines that have hindered our competitors for over a century. In our view, our wireless communication technology allows for longer-range coverage, is more energy efficient and has much faster data sending speeds than the current 5G technology speeds being used. We also provide sensor devices and are a wholesaler of various air filters and digital, analog, and quantum light meter systems.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we generated a significant amount of our revenue from sales of a broad selection of agricultural sensors and measurement equipment which is our primary business.
Our Current Products
We are a wholesaler of various digital, analog, and quantum light meters and filtration products, including fan speed adjusters, carbon filters and HEPA filtration systems. We source these products from various manufacturers in China and then sell them to a major U.S. distributor, Hydrofarm, who resells our products directly to consumers through retail distribution channels and, in some cases, places its own branding on our products. During the development phase, the Company uses generic electronic device casings to house the prototype equipment before the final design and manufacturing process.
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As an update to our product line development, we plan to phase out the traditional, lower-margin products and are preparing to launch a new line of products that have been in development for several years. These newer technology products will be released in phases, and we intend that increasing amounts of technology will be layered upon these products. Additionally, we plan to continue to increase our efforts in protecting more intellectual property and have continued to develop technologies for long-term growth. We have developed products in both the controlled agriculture industry and home automation industries. We have existing relationships in both sectors.
We are building a U.S. sales team. The team has already begun marketing our current AVX-branded surveillance camera system (cameras and network video recorders (NVRs)) and indoor and outdoor LED screens.
In our hydroponics segment, our honeycomb activated carbon filter product was issued a patent in October 2022; this product in several different forms is in inventory at our warehouse in Ontario, CA ready for nationwide marketing.
Our products on the home automation front are beginning the production cycle. Of note, smart wall touch light switches, digital control smart wall touch light switches, smart timers, and smart controllers are ready for production. Sourcing of electronic parts for these products is completed, the cost analysis of these products is completed, and most of the tooling for production has been completed.
Currently, our Shenzhen subsidiary mainly focuses on product development and commercialization. An important electrode with a “Total Dissolved Solids” (“TDS”) meter design, with applications in all solubility measurements, was completed and approved by our U.S. management team. The designs of our TDS sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, new quantum PAR sensor and total dissolved oxygen sensors are also completed. Our testing against the state-of-the-art sensors on the market suggests to us that the new sensors are at least as good as the best quality sensors on the market. However, we believe that our sensors are much more cost effective.
The progress in our USIP for the IoT has been smooth, and we have confidence that the first version of our USIP for the IoT can be demonstrated in the first quarter of 2024.
The Focus software machine auto design team has also made significant progress. With mathematical and graphical environments having been created, our team is focusing on developing the 3D user interface machine auto design.
The public reporting automation software is completed and currently undergoing extensive testing. Reports on Forms 10-Q and 10-K are time-consuming, complex processes that require each company’s financial team to gather and translate large amounts of data from multiple sources. The time and expertise required to complete the process is a substantial burden. Meanwhile, SEC reporting deadlines are firm and inflexible. This reality can interfere with other reporting timelines and leave a time-strapped team scrambling for the resources needed to meet all its reporting requirements. We have developed a Microsoft®-based add-on software that aims to streamline and automate the SEC reporting preparation process. We believe the software will significantly simplify the Form 10-Q and Form 10-K preparation processes and make creating, editing and managing documents both simple and accurate. Focus is planning to commercialize this software either in the third or fourth quarter of 2023. A cloud-based version of this software is also under the development.
Focus has received and approved the Ubiquitor’s casing design sample, and tooling for the Ubiquitor’s casing design has begun.
Furthermore, our devices and sensors with applications within hydroponics, including a (1) pH meter, (2) CO2 meter, (3) dissolved oxygen meter, (4) digital light meter, (5) new (and vastly improved) quantum par meter are under intensive testing; and we expect to receive new versions into our U.S. headquarters for management approval.
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In summary, our entire smart home and hydroponic IoT lines are expected to be completed by the end of 2023.
Beyond IoT products, as a developer of a Natural Integrated Programming Language (NIPL) derivative product (i.e., our software platform for interoperability within the IoT), we have developed a complementary office automation software product. This specific software was designed to assist in completing financial reports faster, more accurately, and with greater ease of update, thereby eliminating the need for increased staffing especially in time sensitive projects. It is designed to save CPAs, auditors, accounting, and/or legal a significant amount of time in the preparation of SEC financial reports and other internal financial reporting. Eighty percent of this software development has been completed and we hope to launch a beta version of this product.
While we will continue to sell the following products through Hydrofarm, we expect to have upgraded versions of certain of these products to introduce in the event the older versions are discontinued:
Specifically, we sell the following products through Hydrofarm:
Fan speed adjuster device. Designed specifically for centrifugal fans with brushless motors, our adjuster device helps ensure longer life by preventing damage to fan motors by adjusting the speed of centrifugal fans without causing the motor to hum. These devices are rated for 350 watts max, have 120VAC voltage capacity and feature an internal electronic auto-resetting circuit breaker.
Carbon filter devices. We sell two types of carbon filter devices. These carbon filter devices are professional grade filters specifically designed and used to filter the air in greenhouses that might be polluted by fermenting organics. One of these filters can be attached to a centrifugal fan to scrub the air in a constant circle or can be attached to an exhaust line as a single-pass filter, which moves air out of the growing area, filters unwanted odors and removes pollens, dust, and other debris in the air. The other filter is designed to be used with fans from 0-6000 C.F.M.
HEPA filtration device. We provide a high-efficiency particulate arrestance (“HEPA”) filtration device at wholesale prices to our client Hydrofarm. Manufactured, tested, certified, and labeled in accordance with current HEPA filter standards, this device is targeted towards greenhouses and grow rooms and designed to keep insects, bacteria, and mold out of grow rooms. We sell these devices in various sizes.
Digital light meter. We provide a handheld digital light meter that is used to measure luminance in fc units, or foot-candles.
Quantum par meter. We provide a handheld quantum par meter used to measure photosynthetically active radiation (“PAR”). This fully portable handheld PAR meter is designed to measure PAR flux in wavelengths ranging from 400 to 700 nm. It is designed to measure up to 10,000 µmol.
Ubiquitor Wireless Universal Sensor Device
We are developing a device we call the Ubiquitor, which replaces the functions of traditional digital measurement and sensing products by integrating many digital sensors and measurement tools into one single digital device. We believe the platform represents a technological advancement in the IoT marketplace by integrating large numbers of technologies, including cloud technology, wired and wireless communication technology, software programming, instrumentation technology, artificial intelligence, PLC technology, and sensor networking into a single platform. We believe the result of such integration is a smaller, cheaper, and faster circuit system design than those currently offered in the instrumentation market.
Our USIP technology that will make the Ubiquitor possible is an advanced software and hardware integrated instrumentation platform that uses a large-scale modular design approach. The large-scale modular design approach subdivides instruments into a foundation component (a USIP) and architecture-specific components (sensor nodes), which together replaces the functions of traditional instruments at a fraction of their cost. The USIP has an open architecture, incorporating a variety of individual instrument functions, sensors, and probes from different industries and vendors. The platform features the ability to connect potentially thousands of different sensors or probes, addressing major limitations present in traditional instrumentation systems.
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The USIP, which is compatible with a significant percentage of the instruments currently manufactured, consists of universal and reusable hardware and software. The universal hardware in the USIP is (i) a smartphone, computer, or any mobile device capable of running our software that includes a display and either hardware controls or software control surfaces, and (ii) our Ubiquitor, which is designed to be the universal data logger that acts as a bridge between the computer or mobile device and the sensor nodes. We call our flagship USIP device the “Ubiquitor” due to its ability to measure and test a variety of electrical and physical phenomena such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, sound, light, and humidity—both wired and wirelessly.
We have created and assembled prototype models of the Ubiquitor in limited quantities and plan to expand our assembly in 2023. Our prototype Ubiquitor is compatible with standard desktop computers running either Windows OS or MacOS and Android- or iOS-based mobile devices and acts as a conduit that communicates with a group of sensors or probes manufactured by different vendors in a manner that requires the user to have little to no knowledge of their unique specifications. The data readout is displayed on the computer or mobile device display in application software we have created for use with a Windows PC and are creating for use with a Mac. We are designing the application software (the “App”) to have a graphical representation of control and indicator elements common in traditional tangible instruments, such as knobs, buttons, dials, and graphs, etc. Utilizing the Ubiquitor and the App, users and instrument manufacturers will be free to add, remove or change a sensor module for their special industrial or educational application without needing to create their own application software and design their own hardware. Our developers are designing and implementing a soft control touch screen interface that supports real-time data monitoring and facilitates instrument control and operation.
Recently, we have devoted a substantial number of resources to research and development in both the U.S. and China to bring the Ubiquitor and its App to full production and distribution. We anticipate that the sales and marketing involved with bringing the Ubiquitor to market will require us to hire a number of new sales and marketing employees in order to gain traction in the market. We expect to continue this process throughout 2023. We intend to introduce the Ubiquitor in smart home installations to reduce costs and increase functionality, as well as implement the Ubiquitor device in greenhouses and other agricultural warehouses that require regulation of light, humidity, temperature, and other measurable scientific units required to create optimal growing conditions.
Our universal smart development protocol focuses not only on the design of the hardware and software modules but also on the design of the overall universal smart instruments system, guided by the principles of structure, universality and modularity. As mentioned, we believe we address the core and fundamental issues facing the IoT marketplace.
Our Ubiquitor device is a fully modular system with a universal sensor node and gateway system that uses a computer or mobile device as the output display module responsible for displaying the readings of various sensor nodes. We have completed an initial production run of prototype Ubiquitor devices and intend to proceed into full-scale production. We intend to design the Ubiquitor’s sensor analytics system to integrate event-monitoring, storage and analytics software in a cohesive package that provides a holistic view of the sensor data it is reading. During the development phase, we use generic electronic device casings to house the prototype equipment before final design and manufacturing process.
The physical hardware of the Ubiquitor will consist of:
| 1. | The sensor nodes, which come in hundreds of different varieties of sensor instruments in the form of a USB stick, with both male and female ports; and |
| 2. | The Ubiquitor instrument as the main hardware gateway, which is a small cell phone-sized device with integrated circuits. |
We believe the Ubiquitor device can connect up to thousands of potential sensor nodes and integrate data using embedded software to display the data and all analytics onto a digital screen (desktop, smartphone or mobile device displays) using a Wi-Fi connection. As disclosed in our patent application, we have already tested up to 256 sensor instrument readouts. Most types of nodes and probes can connect to the hardware. If the sensor size is bigger than the standard probe size, it is possible to simply use a USB cable to connect the probe and the hub. All data and analytics are displayed on a single screen, with tools that record and keep track of all measurements and sort and display analytic information in easy-to-read charts.
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The Ubiquitor will be a general platform that collects data in real time, up to 100 Hz per second, and, thus, is intended to be adapted to many industrial uses.
By using the universal hardware or USIP, we believe we could achieve the following efficiencies in instrumentation systems:
| 1. | Cut production costs. Smartphone technology is widely used on the small sensor device market. By utilizing smartphone technology, the Ubiquitor will add superior functionality and performance, improve the product’s quality, and cut production costs. |
| 2. | Reduce the effort required to develop a new sensor product. With the Ubiquitor, we believe that there will be no need for device manufacturers to research and develop new monitoring and operating components because they will just need to develop new sensor nodes or probes that may be integrated into our software technology. |
| 3. | Reduce clutter. It is anticipated that the Ubiquitor could dispense with some of the hassle of connecting cables, since the Ubiquitor allows wireless transmission of sensor data and may allow wireless access to networks, such as a PLC network. |
We have not yet started research and development of a second generation Ubiquitor device, but once we demonstrate the market for this product, we intend to begin such research and development. Currently our research and development is focused on concepts we can implement in the current first generation Ubiquitor device.
Research and Development Efforts of Power Line Communication
Power Line Communication (“PLC”) technology is a communication technology that enables sending data over existing power cables. One advantage of this technology is that PLC does not require substantial new investment for its communications infrastructure. Rather, PLC utilizes existing power lines, thereby forming a distribution network that already penetrates all residential, commercial and industrial premises. Accordingly, connectivity via PLC technology is potentially the most cost-effective, scalable interconnectivity approach for the IoT. We believe PLC technology can be an integral part of our communication infrastructure for the IoT, which enables reliable, real-time measurements, monitoring and control. A large variety of appliances may be interconnected by transmitting data through the same wires that provide electrical energy.
Our patented PLC technology uses an ultra-narrowband spectrum channel of less than 1 KHz to establish a long-distance link between transmitter and receiver. Thus, we believe that our proprietary ultra-narrowband PLC technology will offer a promising alternative to wireless networks and provide the backbone communication infrastructure for IoT devices.
The primary design goal of the power line network is electric power distribution, not data transmission. The harsh electrical noise present on power lines and variations in equipment and standards make data transmission over the power grid difficult. These technological challenges have impeded, or even halted, progression of PLC technology.
We continue to build upon our existing research and development with the intention of inventing an ultra-narrowband PLC technology that attempts to tackle two challenges: (1) overcoming interference caused by electronic noise on the power line system; and (2) bandwidth. Preliminary internal testing suggests that we have achieved significant noise rejection and interference suppression. In our preliminary internal testing, we have been able to increase bandwidth to 4 megabits per second with the potential for more, while simultaneously effectively dealing with electrical noise and interference. Based on the promising results of our internal testing, we have begun designing a proprietary PLC microchip and have set an intended launch date for 2023.
We believe that because residential and commercial structures already include multiple power outlets, the power line infrastructure represents an excellent network to share data among intelligent devices, particularly in the smart home installations that we are currently performing through AVX.
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We plan to leverage the communications technology of PLC to enhance the Ubiquitor and make the Ubiquitor a central component of the smart home and gardening systems we are currently developing. The goal would be that our Ubiquitor would be used to send or receive control signals from a smart device and control hundreds of devices in near real time. We intend to apply the same concept to commercial and industrial applications.
On December 23, 2021, Focus Shenzhen was founded as a mainland China office for manufacturing procurement expertise and support research and development activities. Focus Shenzhen is designed to function as a branch office accessing high level ability to source products and build relationships with manufacturers in the region and as a lower cost form of support research and development as engineers are more plentiful in the region. During the second quarter of 2023, this office has continued to grow and increase its headcount to 41 employees. We have added these new employees to the engineering staff, the sales staff, and the marketing and market analysis staff in house to enhance the internal capabilities within the Company.
Research and Development Efforts of 5G Cellular Technology
Just like our ultra-narrowband technology can be used to reduce noise in powerline communication technology, our internal research suggests that our ultra-narrowband technology can be leveraged to create a type of 5G wireless communication technology that can achieve both low band 5G coverage and an estimated 1 Gbps high band speed. We employ an ultra-narrow spectrum channel (<1KHz) to establish an ultra-long-distance link between the 5G base station and the receiver which reduces noise and interference entering the bandwidth.
For a description of the ultra-narrowband technology and the 5G applications, see “Part I - Item 1. Business, Section 2. “Creating a faster 5G cellular technology by using ultra-narrowband technology” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 31, 2023.
Eventually, we hope to establish five divisions to bring our technology together: (1) AVX with new shared distributed smart home products powered by the Ubiquitor; (2) an IT division in software machine design; (3) a Universal Smart Instrumentation division; (4) a PLC technology division; and (5) an IoT division.
Intellectual Property Protection
On November 4, 2016, we filed a U.S. patent application number 15/344,041 with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). On March 5, 2018, we issued a press release announcing that the USPTO published an Issue Notification for U.S. Patent Application No. 9924295 entitled “Universal Smart Device,” which covers a patent application regarding the Company’s Universal Smart Device. The patent was issued on March 20, 2018.
Subsequent to our internal research and development efforts, we filed with the USPTO on June 2, 2017 a patent application regarding a process for improving a spectral response curve of a photo sensor. The small and cost-effective multicolor sensor and its related software protected by the patent we believe could achieve a spectral response that approximates an ideal photo response to take optical measurement. The patent was issued on February 26, 2019.
In addition, we have been notified that the USPTO published a notice of allowance for a patent application we filed on March 12, 2018 as application No. 15/925,400. The patent title is a “Universal Smart Device,” which is a universal smart instrument that unifies heterogeneous measurement probes into a single device that can analyze, publish, and share the data analyzed. The issue fee was paid on March 14, 2019.
On November 29, 2019, the Company filed an international utility patent application filed through the patent cooperation treaty as application PCT/US2019/63880. In April 2020, the Company was notified that it received a favorable international search report from the International Searching Authority regarding this patent application, which patents the Company’s PLC technology. The World International Property Organization report cited only three category “A” documents, indicating that the Company’s application met both the novelty and non-obviousness patentability requirements. Consequently, the Company is optimistic that the patent covering the claims for its PLC technology will be issued in due course and will allow the Company to implement strong protections on the PLC technology worldwide.
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In the fourth quarter of 2021, we hired the law firm of Knobbe, Martens, Olson & Bear, LLP (“Knobbe Martens”) to serve as outside intellectual property counsel for the Company. The firm is working on transferring the Company’s provisional patent applications to formal patent applications, which should number 13 if all proceeds according to plan. In addition, Knobbe Martens is working on filing four previously unfiled patents and extending an existing patent application into Europe and Australia. In addition, in May 2022, the Company engaged Chang & Hale, LLP as suggested by our counsel at Knobbe Martens to assist with two new patents, noting that Knobbe Martens still remains our main IP counsel. The Company now has 28 total patents and patent applications in various phases with the USPTO, with three more provisional patents filed this quarter.
The Company’s patent number 11,488,468 was allowed and subsequently issued on November 1, 2022. The patent is titled “Sensor for Detecting the Proximity of an IEEE 802.11 Protocol Connectable Device.”
Competitors
We have identified several competitors specifically in the wireless sensor node industry, including traditional instruments or device manufacturers. Hach developed and launched the SC1000 Multi-parameter Universal Controller, a probe module for connecting up to 32 digital sensors or analyzers. However, their products are not compatible with smart phones yet; and we believe their price point is still prohibitive to consumers. Monnit Corporation offers a range of wireless and remote sensors. Many of Monnit’s products are web-based wireless sensors that usually are not portable because of their power consumption. Also, the sensors’ real-time updates are slow; and we believe security of the web-based sensor data acquisition may also be a concern. In addition to purchasing the device, consumers usually have to pay monthly fees for using web-based services. We are not trying to compete with traditional instruments or device manufacturers because we utilize our Ubiquitor device in conjunction with our smartphone application, which we believe will be a completely different product category.
IoT Installation Industry
There are several companies that compete with AVX in smart home installations, including Vivint Smart Home, Crestron and Control4. However, we believe we can distinguish ourselves from our competitors by offering a substantially lower price. An installation by Crestron ranges between $20,000 and $100,000 and an installation by Control4 ranges between $20,000 and $40,000. The cheapest competitor we can identify in this sector is Vivint Smart Home, which costs less than $5,000 to install; however, we understand that the Vivint Smart Home focuses on security systems only and that users have no other smart applications, which our smart home product line would include.
Air Filtration Systems and Meter Products Industry
The air filtration system and meter products industry is a niche industry. Air purification methods are an effective way to control contaminants and improve indoor air quality; and as a result, many national and local governments overseeing indoor air quality and other emissions are enacting stricter workforce health and safety regulations in this area, which drives demand.
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Market Potential1
We believe universal wireless smart technology will play a critical role for traditional instrument manufacturers, as currently the undertaking of an IoT project is simply too expensive and difficult to develop for medium or smaller companies and carries a 75% failure rate according to Cisco Systems.1 The cost factor is the first consideration when deciding whether a company wants to develop smart wireless technologies and implement them in their products or use them in their field testing. We also hope to play a role in academic laboratories, particularly with smaller academic laboratories that are sensitive to price. Regarding the larger IoT industry statistics, overall enterprise IoT spending increased to $201 billion in 2022, an increase of 21.5%. The outlook for growth in 2023 is 18.5% from this large base of enterprise spending.2 More specifically, the IoT sensors market is projected to reach $26 billion by 2026 from $11.1 billion in 2022.3 The IoT marketplace size assessments usually include the hardware components and the software components, which often contain a Software as a Service (SaaS) model. Additionally, the rising need for reliable high bandwidth communication for IoT devices is expected to rise to $664.75 billion in 2028, spearheaded by the currently predominant services in the 5G category. We would also expect this market to grow with the addition of new categories of services delivering reliable high bandwidth communication for IoT devices and would cannibalize and expand the existing services where the new services proved to be more effective and efficient.
We also expect our recent growth within our IoT Installation Services segment and acquisition of AT Tech Systems to bolster and complement AVX and all other related installation businesses of these IoT products. The number of new contracts we have signed thus far in a limited amount of time through the six months ended June 30, 2023 is 17 with an average value of $32,225 and a total collection value of $547,825 in signed contracts to date, of which we have already collected $281,717. Additionally, thus far, we have an aggregate $1,351,493 in contracts agreed in principle, of which we expect to be signed and deposits paid. This is compared to our highest AVX revenue for a calendar year of $817,233 in 2019, followed by $705,877 in 2020, $252,958 in 2021, and $260,871 in 2022. While statistics regarding the IoT installation sectors are difficult to aggregate given that the work is often are pieced off into various contractor service categories, the residential custom installation market ranges from $5.7 billion to $12.1 billion, and we would expect the commercial and industrial installation markets to be larger than the residential for IoT devices.
Results of Operations
For the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022
Revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit
| For the three months ended June 30, 2023 | For the three months ended June 30, 2022 | Increase (Decrease) $ | ||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 215,391 | $ | 62,364 | $ | 153,027 | ||||||
| Revenue – related party | – | 2,278 | (2,278 | ) | ||||||||
| Total Revenue | 215,391 | 64,642 | 150,749 | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 149,259 | 57,776 | 91,483 | |||||||||
| Gross Profit | $ | 66,132 | $ | 6,866 | $ | 59,266 | ||||||
Our consolidated gross revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $215,391 and $64,642, respectively, which included revenue from related parties of $0 and $2,278, respectively. Revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 increased $150,749 due to a sales increase from our acquisition of AT Tech Systems. This increase of revenue was mainly a result of the increase of IoT Installation Services being bolstered by additional resources such as increased headcount.
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1 Cisco Systems, Connected Futures, Executive Business Insights, May 2017, The Journey to IOT Value, Challenges, Breakthroughs, and Best Practices, https://newsroom.cisco.com/c/r/newsroom/en/us/a/y2017/m05/cisco-survey-reveals-close-to-three-fourths-of-iot-projects-are-failing.html
2 IoT Analytics, Market Insights for the Internet of Things, February 7, 2023, Global IoT market size to grow 19% in 2023—IoT shows resilience despite economic downturn, https://iot-analytics.com/iot-market-size/
3 Markets and Markets, IoT Sensors Market by Sensor Type, Network Technology, Vertical, Application, and Geography – Global Forecast -2026, https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/sensors-iot-market-26520972.html
4 Cision PRNewswire, Research and Markets, Global $664.75 Billion 5G Services Markets to 2028: Rising Need for High Bandwidth to Provide Reliable Communication to IoT Devices is Expected to Boost Overall Market Growth, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/global-664-75-billion-5g-services-markets-to-2028-rising-need-for-high-bandwidth-to-provide-
reliable-communication-to-iot-devices-is-expected-to-boost-overall-market-growth-301432173.html
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Cost of revenue for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $149,259, compared to $57,776 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. While the overall cost of revenue increased, as a percent of revenue, costs went down as a result of higher margin contracts for IoT Installation Services being signed. In addition to the increase in revenue, gross profit increased to $66,132 for the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $6,866 for the three months ended June 30, 2022.
Operating Expenses
The major components of our cost and operating expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are outlined in the table below:
| For the three months ended June 30, 2023 | For the three months ended June 30, 2022 | Increase (Decrease) $ | ||||||||||
| Selling expense | 63,075 | 17,548 | 45,527 | |||||||||
| Compensation – officers and directors | 253,403 | 283,625 | (30,222 | ) | ||||||||
| Research and development | 342,992 | 167,361 | 175,631 | |||||||||
| Professional fees | 116,565 | 153,091 | (36,526 | ) | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 361,583 | 590,589 | (229,006 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 1,137,618 | $ | 1,212,214 | $ | (74,596 | ) | |||||
Selling expense for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $63,075, compared to $17,548 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. Selling expense incurred was mainly from third party advertising fees and marketing related fees. The increase of selling expense was due to an increase in advertising fees and trade show expenses.
Compensation – officers and directors was $253,403 and $283,625 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease was due to a decrease in the compensation received by the board of directors.
Research and development costs were $342,992 and $167,361 for the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase was due to an increase in the number of research and development employee headcount in the Ontario, California headquarters and the Shenzhen, China subsidiary.
Professional fees were $116,565 during the three months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $153,091 during the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in these professional fees compared to the prior period was due to a decrease in new transaction-based legal paperwork for the Company (as much of this paperwork was completed earlier) and a decrease in employment litigation legal fees.
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $361,583, compared to $590,589 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The major decrease was due to decreases in general and administrative salaries from $178,530 to $76,555 in 2023, a lease expense from $161,448 to $34,989 in 2023, and insurance expense from $81,579 to $66,317 in 2023.
Other Income (expense)
Other income for the three months ended June 30, 2023 was $53,320, compared to $144,051 for the three months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease was due to there being no SBA PPP forgiveness loan in 2023.
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Net Losses
During the three months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred net losses of $1,018,166 and $1,061,297, respectively, due to the factors discussed above.
For the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022
Revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit
| For the six months ended June 30, 2023 | For the six months ended June 30, 2022 | Increase (Decrease) $ | ||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | 451,486 | $ | 187,989 | $ | 263,497 | ||||||
| Revenue – related party | – | 33,820 | (33,820 | ) | ||||||||
| Total Revenue | 451,486 | 221,809 | 229,677 | |||||||||
| Cost of revenue | 330,003 | 201,171 | 128,832 | |||||||||
| Gross Profit | $ | 121,483 | $ | 20,638 | $ | 100,845 | ||||||
Our consolidated gross revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 was $451,486 and $221,809 respectively, which included revenue from related parties of $0 and $33,820, respectively. Revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 increased $229,677 due to a sales increase from our acquisition of AT Tech Systems. This increase of revenue was mainly a result of the increase of IoT Installation Services being bolstered by additional resources such as increased headcount.
Cost of revenue for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $330,003, compared to $201,171 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. While the overall cost of revenue increased, as a percent of revenue, costs went down as a result of higher margin contracts for IoT Installation Services being signed. In addition to the increase in revenue, gross profit increased to $121,483 for the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $20,638 for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Operating Expenses
The major components of our cost and operating expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 are outlined in the table below:
| For the six months ended June 30, 2023 | For the six months ended June 30, 2022 | Increase (Decrease) $ | ||||||||||
| Selling expense | $ | 74,934 | $ | 55,887 | $ | 19,047 | ||||||
| Compensation – officers and directors | 560,937 | 604,290 | (43,353 | ) | ||||||||
| Research and development | 619,473 | 729,105 | (109,632 | ) | ||||||||
| Professional fees | 373,964 | 535,207 | (161,243 | ) | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 804,635 | 1,225,358 | (420,723 | ) | ||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 2,433,943 | $ | 3,149,847 | $ | (715,904 | ) | |||||
Selling expense for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $74,934, compared to $55,887 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Selling expense incurred was mainly from third party advertising fees and marketing related fees. The increase of selling expense was due to an increase in advertising fees and trade show expenses.
Compensation – officers and directors were $560,937 and $604,290 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease was due to a decrease in the compensation received by the board of directors.
Research and development costs were $619,473 and $729,105 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The decrease was due to a decrease in the research and development employee restricted stock award amount in the Ontario, California headquarters.
Professional fees were $373,964 during the six months ended June 30, 2023, compared to $535,207 during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The decrease in these professional fees compared to the prior period was due to a decrease in new transaction-based legal paperwork for the Company (as much of this paperwork was completed earlier) and a decrease in employment litigation legal fees.
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General and administrative expenses for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $804,635, compared to $1,225,358 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The major decrease was due to decreases in general and administrative salaries from $469,934 to $148,511 in 2023, lease expense from $237,045 to $81,069 in 2023, and insurance expense from $258,494 to $167,273 in 2023. The relating decrease was due to the following reasons:
a) Decreased number of general and administrative employees in our headquarters due to outsourcing of work to third parties;
b) Relocated Focus Shenzhen office to lower lease expense; and
c) Obtained better insurance deal from another insurance company.
Other Income (expense)
Other income for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was $180,051, compared to $198,982 for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The major decrease was due to there being no SBA PPP forgiveness loan in 2023 or unrealized gain on marketable equity securities in 2023.
Net Losses
During the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, we incurred net losses of $2,132,409 and $2,930,227, respectively, due to the factors discussed above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Working Capital
| June 30, 2023 | December 31, 2022 | |||||||
| Current Assets | $ | 1,796,226 | $ | 4,807,830 | ||||
| Current Liabilities | (432,144 | ) | (1,387,239 | ) | ||||
| Working Capital | $ | 1,364,082 | $ | 3,420,591 | ||||
Cash Flows
The table below, for the periods indicated, provides selected cash flow information:
| For the six months ended June 30, 2023 | For the six months ended June 30, 2022 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (1,606,739 | ) | $ | (1,749,492 | ) | ||
| Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 40,889 | (267,537 | ) | |||||
| Net cash used in financing activities | (1,420,686 | ) | – | |||||
| Effect of exchange rate | 1,793 | (1,228 | ) | |||||
| Net change in cash | $ | (2,984,743 | ) | $ | (2,018,257 | ) | ||
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Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our net cash outflows from operating activities of $1,606,739 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 was primarily the result of our net loss of $2,132,409 and changes in our operating assets and liabilities offset by the add-back of non-cash expenses. The change in operating assets and liabilities includes an increase in accounts receivable of $27,741, a decrease in accounts receivable – related party of $34,507, a decrease in inventories of $15,526, a decrease in prepaid expense of $46,109, an increase in deposit of $8,514, an increase in operating lease right-of-use asset of $4,983, an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $73,823, an increase in customer deposit of $39,100, and a decrease in lease liabilities of $55,012. Non-cash expense included add-backs of $4,675 in bad debt expense, $84,616 in depreciation expense, $28,741 in amortization of intangible assets, $14,249 in realized loss on marketable securities, $168,304 in stock-based compensation - shares, and $266,806 in stock option compensation, reductions of $27,565 in unrealized gain on marketable equity securities and $61,747 in gain on bargain purchase.
Our net cash outflows from operating activities of $1,749,492 for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was primarily the result of our net loss of $2,930,227 and changes in our operating assets and liabilities offset by the add-back of non-cash expenses. The change in operating assets and liabilities includes an increase in accounts receivable of $47,454, an increase in accounts receivable – related party of $73,094, an increase in inventories of $7,752, a decrease in other receivables of $13,057, a decrease in prepaid expense of $103,083, an increase in deposit of $4,008, a decrease in operating lease right-of-use asset of $190,790, a decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $106,104, a decrease in other current liabilities of $17,135, an increase in customer deposit of $6,131, a decrease in lease liabilities of $60,576, and an increase in other liabilities of $14,736. Non-cash expense included add-backs of $57,147 in bad debt expense, $25,617 in reduction of inventory fair value adjustments, $82,063 in depreciation expense, $74,626 in unrealized loss on marketable equity securities, $10,281 in realized gain on marketable securities, $158,547 in gain on forgiveness of debt, $692,920 in stock-based compensation - shares, and $456,750 in stock option compensation.
We expect that cash flows from operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuations in our net revenues and operating results, utilization of new revenue streams, in line with our shifting revenue streams, collection of accounts receivable, and timing of billings and payments.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we had cash inflow from investing activities of $40,889. That inflow was primarily the result from the purchase of property and equipment of $17,203, purchase of marketable securities of $43,644, and proceeds from sales of marketable securities of $101,736. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we had cash outflow from investing activities of $267,537. That outflow was primarily the result from the purchase of property and equipment of $39,702, purchase of marketable securities of $708,359, and proceeds from sales of marketable securities of $480,524.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we had cash outflows of $1,420,686 due to purchase of treasury stock. There were no financing activities for the six months ended June 30, 2022.
Going Concern
In August 2014, the FASB issued ASC 2014-15, Disclosure of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern. The Company has assessed its ability to continue as a going concern for a period of one year from the date of the issuance of these unconsolidated financial statements. Substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern exists when relevant conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, indicate that it is probable that the Company will be unable to meet its obligations as they become due within one year from the financial statement issuance date. The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. GAAP, which contemplate continuation of the Company as a going concern. The Company currently suffered recurring loss from operations, generated negative cash flow from operating activities, has an accumulated deficit and has not completed its efforts to establish a stabilized source of revenues sufficient to cover operating costs over an extended period of time. These conditions raise substantial doubt as to its ability to continue as a going concern. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements do not include adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of reported asset amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern.
The Company has a net loss of $2,132,409 and $2,930,227 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. In addition, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $19,996,437 and $17,864,028 as of June 30,2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and negative cash flow from operating activities of $1,606,739 and $1,749,492 for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. The Company’s ability to continue as a going concern is dependent on its ability to raise additional capital. The Company’s consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments relating to the recoverability and classification of reported asset amounts or the amount and classification of liabilities that might be necessary should the Company be unable to continue as a going concern. The Company is operating on a going concern basis as of June 30, 2023.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of June 30, 2023, we did not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation SK.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, at the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded as of the evaluation date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the material information required to be included in our Securities and Exchange Commission reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms relating to our Company, particularly during the period when this report was being prepared.
Our management concluded we did not maintain effective controls over the Company’s financial reporting. The material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, caused principally by inadequate staffing and technical expertise in key positions, resulted in overly relying on outside consultants to make numerous adjustments to our financial statements. Additionally, the significant deficiencies or material weaknesses could result in future material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Management has concluded that the identified control deficiencies constitute a material weakness.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Internal Controls
Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving an entity’s disclosure objectives. The likelihood of achieving such objectives is affected by limitations inherent in disclosure controls and procedures. These include the fact that human judgment in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns in internal control can occur because of human failures such as simple errors or mistakes or intentional circumvention of the established process.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We were not subject to any new legal proceedings during the six months ended June 30, 2023; and there are currently no new legal proceedings, to which we are a party, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
No shares or common stock were sold during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
No senior securities were issued and outstanding during the six-month periods ended June 30, 2023 or 2022.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable to our Company.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “FCUV.”
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
Exhibits
The following financial information is filed as part of this report:
| (a) | (1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| (2) SCHEDULES | |
| (3) EXHIBITS. The following exhibits required by Item 601 to be filed herewith are incorporated by reference to previously filed documents: |
|
Exhibit Number |
Description | |
| 31.1 | Certification of CEO pursuant to Sec. 302 | |
| 31.2 | Certification of CFO pursuant to Sec. 302 | |
| 32.1 | Certification of CEO pursuant to Sec. 906 | |
| 32.2 | Certification of CFO pursuant to Sec. 906 | |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instances Document | |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Focus Universal Inc. | |||
| Dated: August 14, 2023 | By: |
/s/ Desheng Wang Desheng Wang Chief Executive Officer | |
| Dated: August 14, 2023 | By: |
/s/ Irving H. Kau Irving H. Kau Chief Financial Officer | |
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