SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Quarterly period ended
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
Commission File No.
(Exact Name of Small Business Issuer as specified in its charter)
| (State or other jurisdiction | (IRS Employer File Number) |
| of incorporation) |
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) |
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered |
|
The (Nasdaq Global Market) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant:
(1) filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the past 12 months (or for such shorter
period that the registrant was required to file such reports); and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically
every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
| Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☐ |
| Smaller reporting company | |
| Emerging growth company |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is
a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐
As of November 14, 2022, registrant had shares outstanding of the registrant's common stock at a par value of $0.001 per share.
FORM 10-Q
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| 2 |
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
References in this document to "us," "we," or "Company" refer to Focus Universal Inc.
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Index to the Financial Statements
| 3 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(UNAUDITED)
| September 30, | December 31, | |||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| ASSETS | ||||||||
| Current Assets: | ||||||||
| Cash | $ | $ | ||||||
| Accounts receivable, net | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable – related party | ||||||||
| Inventory | ||||||||
| Other receivables | ||||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ||||||||
| Marketable equity securities | ||||||||
| Deposit - current portion | ||||||||
| Total Current Assets | ||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset | ||||||||
| Deposits | ||||||||
| Total Assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | ||||||||
| Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | $ | ||||||
| Other current liabilities | ||||||||
| Treasury stock payable | ||||||||
| Loan, current portion | ||||||||
| Lease liability, current portion | ||||||||
| Total Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Non-Current Liabilities: | ||||||||
| Lease liability, less current portion | ||||||||
| Loan, less current portion | ||||||||
| Other liability | ||||||||
| Total Non-Current Liabilities | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities | ||||||||
| Contingencies (Note 13) | ||||||||
| Stockholders' Equity: | ||||||||
| Common stock, par value $ per share, shares authorized; shares issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and shares issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2021 | ||||||||
| Treasury stock, shares at par value $0.001 | ( | ) | ||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | ||||||||
| Shares to be issued, common shares | ||||||||
| Accumulated deficit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | ( | ) | ||||||
| Total Stockholders' Equity | ||||||||
| Total Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
| 4 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)
Three Months Ended September 30, | Nine Months Ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Revenue - related party | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of Revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Compensation - officers | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other Income (Expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense), net | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Gain on extinguishment of debt | ||||||||||||||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liability | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Gain on settlement of derivative liability | ||||||||||||||||
| Unrealized gain and (loss) on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Realized loss on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ||||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Income tax expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Other comprehensive items | ||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency translation gain and (loss) | ||||||||||||||||
| Total comprehensive loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| Weight Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding: Basic and Diluted | ||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss per common share: Basic and Diluted | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | $ | ) | ||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
| 5 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022 AND 2021
(Unaudited)
| Additional | Shares to be issued | Accumulated Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Treasury stock | Paid-In | Common | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Stockholders' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Shares | Deficit | Loss | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - June 30, 2022 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - options | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - shares | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - September 30, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - June 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - options | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued for service | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Additional | Shares to be issued | Accumulated Other | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock | Treasury stock | Paid-In | Common | Accumulated | Comprehensive | Stockholders' | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Description | Shares | Amount | Shares | Amount | Capital | Shares | Deficit | Loss | Equity | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - December 31, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - options | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - shares | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of treasury stock | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued for current services | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock issued for prior services | – | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shares issued for cashless exercise of warrants | – | ( | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - September 30, 2022 | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - December 31, 2020 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuance of common stock | – | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Stock based compensation - options | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Common stock to be issued for services | – | – | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss | – | – | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance - September 30, 2021 | $ | $ | $ | $ | $ | ( | ) | $ | $ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
| 6 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | ||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||
| Cash flows from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||
| Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash from operating activities: | ||||||||
| Bad debt expense | ||||||||
| Inventory fair value adjustments | ( | ) | ||||||
| Depreciation expense | ||||||||
| Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities | ||||||||
| Realized loss on marketable equity securities | ||||||||
| Gain on forgiveness of debt | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Change in fair value of warrant liability | ||||||||
| Gain on settlement of derivative liability | ( | ) | ||||||
| Stock-based compensation – shares | ||||||||
| Stock-based compensation – services | ||||||||
| Stock option compensation – options | ||||||||
| Changes in operating assets and liabilities: | ||||||||
| Accounts receivable | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Accounts receivable - related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Inventories | ( | ) | ||||||
| Prepaid expenses | ( | ) | ||||||
| Deposit | ||||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use asset | ||||||||
| Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Accounts payable - related party | ( | ) | ||||||
| Other current liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Customer deposit | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Lease liabilities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Other liabilities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net cash flows used in operating activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from investing activities: | ||||||||
| Purchase of property and equipment | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Purchase of marketable securities | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from sale of marketable securities | ||||||||
| Net cash flows used in investing activities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Cash flows from financing activities: | ||||||||
| Proceeds from SBA loan | ||||||||
| Repayment on SBA loan | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from bank loan | ||||||||
| Repayment on bank loan | ( | ) | ||||||
| Proceeds from IPO, net | ||||||||
| Net cash flows provided by financing activities | ||||||||
| Effect of exchange rate | ( | ) | ||||||
| Net change in cash | ( | ) | ||||||
| Cash beginning of period | ||||||||
| Cash end of period | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental cash flow disclosure: | ||||||||
| Cash paid for income taxes | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cash paid for interest | $ | $ | ||||||
| Supplemental disclosure of non-cash financing activities: | ||||||||
| Treasury stock payable | $ | $ | ||||||
| Cashless warrant | $ | $ | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements
| 7 |
FOCUS UNIVERSAL INC.
NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2022 AND 2021
(UNAUDITED)
Note 1 – Organization and Operations
Focus Universal Inc. (“Focus”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on December 4, 2012 (“Inception”). Focus Universal Inc. is a universal smart instrument developer and manufacturer focused on the internet of things (“IoT”) industry, headquartered in Ontario, California, specializing in the development and commercialization of novel and proprietary universal smart technologies and instruments that solve problems plaguing the internet of things (“IoT”) industry by: (1) increasing overall chip integration by shifting it to the device level; (2) creating a faster 5G cellular technology by using Ultra-narrowband technology; (3) leveraging ultra-narrowband power line communication (“PLC”) technology; and (4) User Interface Machine auto generation technology. Universal smart technology is an off-the-shelf technology utilizing an innovative hardware integrated platform. The Focus platform provides a unique and universal combined wired and wireless solution for embedded design, industrial control, functionality test, and parameter measurement instruments and functions. The Company’s smart technology software utilizes a smartphone, computer, or a mobile device as an interface platform and display that communicates and works in tandem with a group of external sensors or probes, or both. The external sensors and probes may be manufactured by different vendors, but the universal smart technology functions in a manner that does not require the user to have extensive knowledge of the unique characteristics of the function of each of the sensors and probes. The universal smart instrument Focus developed (the “Ubiquitor”) will consist of a reusable foundation component which will include a wireless gateway (which allows the instrument to connect to the smartphone via Bluetooth and WiFi technology), universal smart application software (“Application”) which is installed on the user’s smartphone or other mobile device and allows monitoring of the sensor readouts on the smartphone screen. The Ubiquitor also connects to a variety of individual scientific sensors that collect data, from moisture, light, airflow, voltage, and a wide variety of applications. The data is then sent through a wired or wireless connection, or a combination thereof to the smartphone or other mobile device and the data is organized and displayed on the smartphone screen. The smartphone or other mobile device, foundation, and sensor readouts together perform the functions of many traditional scientific and engineering instruments and are intended to replace the traditional, wired stand-alone instruments at a fraction of their cost. Focus Universal is also developing ultra-narrow band technology that is hopefully capable of overcoming the noise problems communicating through power lines that have hindered the industry for over a century. Focus Universal’s wireless communication technology may allow for longer-range coverage, might be more energy effective and management believes has much faster data sending speeds than the current 5G technology speeds being used.
Perfecular Inc. (“Perfecular”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Focus, was founded in September 2009 and is headquartered in Ontario, California, and is engaged in designing certain digital sensor products and sells a broad selection of horticultural sensors and filters in North America and Europe.
AVX Design & Integration, Inc. (“AVX”) was incorporated on June 16, 2000 in the state of California. AVX is an IoT installation and management company specializing in high performance and easy to use Audio/Video, Home Theater, Lighting Control, Automation and Integration. Services provided by AVX include full integration of houses, apartment, commercial complex, office spaces with audio, visual and control systems to fully integrate devices in the low voltage field. AVX’s services also include partial equipment upgrade and installation.
On December 23, 2021, Focus set up a branch in Shenzhen China, Focus Universal (Shenzhen) Technology Company LTD. The subsidiary was registered to be engaged in IoT research and development, equipment sales, and application services, software development and sales, software outsourcing, intelligent agricultural management, intelligent instrumentation sales, and information consulting services. This excludes any projects subject to approval or that require a separate business license in accordance with the local laws. China allows foreign entities to setup wholly owned limited liability companies in China, also known as Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprises (WFOEs), in non “restricted” or “prohibited” industries and business activities. The subsidiary’s business operation has been approved by the local government in Shenzhen to be qualified as a WFOE entity in China. The entity is 100% owned by Focus Universal, Inc.
On January 5, 2022, the Company founded a wholly owned subsidiary named Lusher Bioscientific, Inc. (“Lusher”) Lusher Bioscientific was founded to market to the hydroponic and controlled agriculture market and to assist in the product development of IoT technology products within this sector. As of the date of this filing, Lusher’s activities are in the introductory phase.
In addition, the Company’s patent number 11,488,468 was allowed and subsequently issued on November 1, 2022. The patent, titled Sensor for Detecting the Proximity of an IEEE 802.11 Protocol Connectable Device.
| 8 |
Note 2 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Focus and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Perfecular Inc., AVX Design & Integration, Inc., Focus Universal (Shenzhen) Technology Co., LTD and Lusher Bioscientific (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “our”, or “us”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated upon consolidation. The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).
Going Concern
In the long term, the continuation of the Company
as a going concern is dependent upon the continued financial support from its shareholders, the ability of the Company to repay its debt
obligations, to obtain necessary equity financing to continue operations, and the attainment of profitable operations. For the nine months
ended September 30, 2022, the Company had a net loss of $
Segment Reporting
The Company currently has two operating segments. In accordance with ASC 280, Segment Reporting (“ASC 280”), the Company considers operating segments to be components of the Company’s business for which separate financial information is available and evaluated regularly by Management in deciding how to allocate resources and to assess performance. Management reviews financial information presented on an unaudited condensed consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, the Company has determined that it has two operating and reportable segments.
Asset information by operating segment is not presented as the chief operating decision maker does not review this information by segment. The reporting segments follow the same accounting policies used in the preparation of the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the accrual of costs and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources.
The actual results experienced by the Company may differ materially and adversely from the Company’s estimates. To the extent there are material differences between the estimates and the actual results, future results of operations will be affected. Significant estimates in the accompanying financial statements include the lease term impacting right-of use asset and lease liability, useful lives of property and equipment, useful lives of intangible assets, allowance for doubtful accounts, inventory reserves, debt discounts, valuation of derivatives, and the valuation allowance on deferred tax assets. The Company regularly evaluates its estimates and assumptions.
| 9 |
Cash
The Company considers all highly liquid investments
with a maturity of three months or less to be cash. At times, such investments may be in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC) insurance limit. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately $
Accounts Receivable
The Company grants credit to clients that sell the Company’s products or engage in construction service under credit terms that it believes are customary in the industry and do not require collateral to support customer receivables. The accounts receivable balances are generally collected within 30 to 90 days of the product sale.
Allowance for doubtful accounts
The Company estimates an allowance for doubtful accounts
based on historical collection trends and review of the current status of trade accounts receivable. It is reasonably possible that the
Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts will change. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, allowance
for doubtful accounts amounted to $
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents. The Company limits its exposure to credit loss by investing its cash with high credit quality financial institutions.
Inventory
Inventory consists primarily of parts and finished
goods and is valued at the lower of the inventory’s cost or net realizable value under the first-in-first-out method. Management
compares the cost of inventory with its market value and a fair value adjustment is made to write down inventory to market value, if lower.
Inventory fair value adjustments are recorded for obsolete or slow-moving inventory based on assumptions about future demand and marketability
of products, the impact of new product introductions and specific identification of items, such as discontinued products. These estimates
could vary significantly from actual requirements, for example, if future economic conditions, customer inventory levels or competitive
conditions differ from expectations. The Company regularly reviews the value of inventory based on historical usage and estimated future
usage. If estimated realized value of our inventory is less than cost, we make provisions in order to reduce its carrying value to its
estimated market value. Once established, these adjustments are considered permanent and are not revised until the related inventory is
sold or disposed of. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, inventory fair value adjustments amounted to $
Marketable Securities
The Company invests part of its excess treasury cash in equity securities and money market funds according to company treasury and investment policies. Marketable securities represent trading securities bought and held primarily for sale in the near-term to generate income on short-term price differences and are stated at fair value. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are recorded in other income (expense), net.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. The cost and accumulated depreciation of assets sold or retired are removed from the respective accounts and any gain or loss is included in earnings. Maintenance and repairs are expensed currently. Major renewals and betterments are capitalized. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are as follows:
| Fixed assets | Useful life |
| Furniture | |
| Equipment | |
| Warehouse | |
| Improvement | |
| Land | N/A |
| 10 |
Long-Lived Assets
The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic
360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.
ASC 360 requires impairment losses to be recorded on long-lived assets used in operations when indicators of impairment are present and
the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by those assets are less than the assets’ carrying amounts. In that event,
a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived assets. Loss on long-lived
assets to be disposed of is determined in a similar manner, except that those fair values are reduced for the cost of disposal. Long-term
assets of the Company are reviewed when circumstances warrant as to whether their carrying value has become impaired. The Company considers
assets to be impaired if the carrying value exceeds the future projected cash flows from related operations. The Company also re-evaluates
the periods of amortization to determine whether subsequent events and circumstances warrant revised estimates of useful lives. Based
on its review at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company believes there was
Treasury stock
Purchases and sales of treasury stock are accounted for using the cost method. Under this method, shares acquired are record at the acquisition price directly to the treasury stock account. Upon sale, the treasury stock account is reduced by the original acquisition price of the shares and any difference is recorded in additional paid in capital, on a first-in first-out basis. The Company does not recognize a gain or loss to income from the purchase and sale of treasury stock.
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation to employees in conformity with the provisions of ASC Topic 718, Stock-Based Compensation. Stock-based compensation to employees consist of stock options, grants, and restricted shares that are recognized in the statement of operations based on their fair values at the date of grant.
The measurement of stock-based compensation is subject to periodic adjustments as the underlying equity instruments vest and is recognized as an expense over the period during which services are received.
The Company calculates the fair value of option grants utilizing the Black-Scholes pricing model and estimates the fair value of the stock based upon the estimated fair value of the common stock. The amount of stock-based compensation recognized during a period is based on the value of the portion of the awards that are ultimately expected to vest.
The resulting stock-based compensation expense for both employee and non-employee awards is generally recognized on a straight- line basis over the requisite service period of the award.
Warrants
The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in FASB ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”) and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). The assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own ordinary shares and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period end date while the warrants are outstanding.
For issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. For issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification, the warrants are required to be recorded at their initial fair value on the date of issuance, and each balance sheet date thereafter. Changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants are recognized as a non-cash gain or loss on the statements of operations. The fair value of the warrants was estimated using a Black-Scholes pricing model (see Note 11). The Company does not have any outstanding warrants as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
| 11 |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company follows paragraph ASC 825-10-50-10 for disclosures about fair value of its financial instruments and paragraph ASC 820-10-35-37 (“Paragraph 820-10-35-37”) to measure the fair value of its financial instruments. Paragraph 820-10-35-37 establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP), and expands disclosures about fair value measurements.
To increase consistency and comparability in fair value measurements and related disclosures, Paragraph 820-10-35-37 establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three (3) broad levels. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three (3) levels of fair value hierarchy defined by Paragraph 820-10-35-37 are described below:
| · | Level 1: Quoted market prices available in active markets for identical assets or liabilities as of the reporting date. | |
| · | Level 2: Pricing inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date. | |
| · | Level 3: Pricing inputs that are generally unobservable inputs and not corroborated by market data. |
The following table summarize financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2022:
| September 30, 2022 (unaudited) | ||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Carrying | |||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Value | |||||||||||||
| Assets | ||||||||||||||||
| Marketable securities: | ||||||||||||||||
| Stock | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Total assets measured at fair value | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
The carrying amount of the Company’s financial assets and liabilities, such as cash, accounts receivable, inventory, other receivables, prepaid expenses, deposit, accounts payable, treasury stock payable and accrued expenses, other current liabilities, customer deposit, approximate their fair value because of the short maturity of those instruments.
Transactions involving related parties cannot be presumed to be carried out on an arm’s-length basis, as the requisite conditions of competitive, free-market dealings may not exist. Representations about transactions with related parties, if made, shall not imply that the related party transactions were consummated on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s-length transactions unless such representations can be substantiated.
However, it is not practical to determine the fair value of advances from stockholders, if any, due to their related party nature.
Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Other comprehensive income (loss) refers to revenues, expenses, gains and losses that under generally accepted accounting principles are included in comprehensive income but are excluded from net income (loss) as these amounts are recorded directly as an adjustment to stockholders’ equity. The Company’s other comprehensive loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and for the years ended December 31, 2021 was comprised of foreign currency translation adjustments.
| 12 |
Revenue Recognition
On September 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASC 606 – Revenue from Contracts with Customers using the modified retrospective transition approach. The core principle of ASC 606 is that revenue should be recognized in a manner that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled for exchange of those goods or services. The Company’s updated accounting policies and related disclosures are set forth below, including the disclosure for disaggregated revenue. The impact of adopting ASC 606 was not material to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
Revenue from the Company is recognized under Topic 606 in a manner that reasonably reflects the delivery of its services and products to customers in return for expected consideration and includes the following elements:
| · | executed contracts with the Company’s customers that it believes are legally enforceable; | |
| · | identification of performance obligations in the respective contract; | |
| · | determination of the transaction price for each performance obligation in the respective contract; | |
| · | Allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation; and | |
| · | recognition of revenue only when the Company satisfies each performance obligation. |
These five elements, as applied to each of the Company’s revenue category, is summarized below:
| · | Product sales – revenue is recognized at the time of sale of equipment to the customer. | |
| · | Service sales – revenue is recognized based on the service provided to the customer. |
Revenue from our project construction is recognized over time using the percentage-of-completion method under the cost approach. The percentage of completion is determined by estimating stage of work completed. Under this approach, recognized contract revenue equals the total estimated contract revenue multiplied by the percentage of completion. Our construction contracts are unit priced, and an account receivable is recorded for amounts invoiced based on actual units produced.
Cost of Revenue, excluding depreciation & amortization
Cost of revenue includes the cost of services, labor and product incurred to provide product sales, service sales and project sales.
Research and development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs primarily consist of efforts to refine existing product models and develop new product models.
Related Parties
The Company follows ASC 850-10 for the identification of related parties and disclosure of related party transactions. Pursuant to ASC 850-10-20 the related parties include: a) affiliates of the Company; b) entities for which investments in their equity securities would be required, absent the election of the fair value option under the Fair Value Option Subsection of ASC 825–10–15, to be accounted for by the equity method by the investing entity; c) trusts for the benefit of employees, such as pension and profit-sharing trusts that are managed by or under the trusteeship of management; d) principal owners of the Company; e) management of the Company; f) other parties with which the Company may deal if one party controls or can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the other to an extent that one of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests; and g) other parties that can significantly influence the management or operating policies of the transacting parties or that have an ownership interest in one of the transacting parties and can significantly influence the other to an extent that one or more of the transacting parties might be prevented from fully pursuing its own separate interests.
| 13 |
The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements shall include disclosures of material related party transactions, other than compensation arrangements, expense allowances, and other similar items in the ordinary course of business. However, disclosure of transactions that are eliminated in the preparation of unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements is not required in those statements. The disclosures shall include: (a) the nature of the relationship(s) involved; (b) a description of the transactions, including transactions to which no amounts or nominal amounts were ascribed, for each of the periods for which income statements are presented, and such other information deemed necessary to an understanding of the effects of the transactions on the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements; (c) the dollar amounts of transactions for each of the periods for which income statements are presented and the effects of any change in the method of establishing the terms from that used in the preceding period; and (d) amounts due from or to related parties as of the date of each balance sheet presented and, if not otherwise apparent, the terms and manner of settlement.
Commitments and Contingencies
The Company follows ASC 450-20 to report accounting for contingencies. Certain conditions may exist as of the date the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued, which may result in a loss to the Company but which will only be resolved when one or more future events occur or fail to occur. The Company assesses such contingent liabilities, and such assessment inherently involves an exercise of judgment. In assessing loss contingencies related to legal proceedings that are pending against the Company or unasserted claims that may result in such proceedings, the Company evaluates the perceived merits of any legal proceedings or unasserted claims as well as the perceived merits of the amount of relief sought or expected to be sought therein.
If the assessment of a contingency indicates that it is probable that a material loss has been incurred and the amount of the liability can be estimated, then the estimated liability would be accrued in the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. If the assessment indicates that a potential material loss contingency is not probable but is reasonably possible, or is probable but cannot be estimated, then the nature of the contingent liability, and an estimate of the range of possible losses, if determinable and material, would be disclosed.
Loss contingencies considered remote are generally not disclosed unless they involve guarantees, in which case the guarantees would be disclosed. Management does not believe, based upon information available at this time that these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows. However, there is no assurance that such matters will not materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, and results of operations or cash flows.
Income Tax Provision
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes. ASC 740 requires a company to use the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, the Company does not foresee generating taxable income in the near future and utilizing its deferred tax asset, therefore, it is more likely than not that some portion, or all of, the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
Under ASC 740, a tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded. The Company has no material uncertain tax positions for any of the reporting periods presented.
Income taxes are accounted for using the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes are provided for temporary differences in recognizing certain income, expense and credit items for financial reporting purposes and tax reporting purposes. Such deferred income taxes primarily relate to the difference between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to the future years in which deferred tax assets or liabilities are expected to be settled or realized. There was no material deferred tax asset or liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the
Company did
| 14 |
Net income (loss) per share is computed pursuant to ASC 260-10-45. Basic net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period.
Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of stock and potentially outstanding shares of stock during the period to reflect the potential dilution that could occur from common shares issuable through contingent shares issuance arrangement, stock options or warrants.
Due to the net loss incurred by the Company, potentially dilutive instruments would be anti-dilutive. Accordingly, diluted loss per share is the same as basic loss for all periods presented. The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the shares used to calculate diluted earnings per share as their inclusion would be anti-dilutive.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||
| Stock options | ||||||||
| Total | ||||||||
Reclassification
Certain reclassifications have been made to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for prior years to the current year’s presentation. Such reclassifications have no effect on net income as previously reported.
Foreign Currency Translation and Transactions
The reporting and functional currency of Focus is the USD. The functional currency of Focus Universal (Shenzhen) Technology Co. LTD, a wholly owned subsidiary of Focus located in China, is the Renminbi (“RMB”).
For financial reporting purposes, the financial statements of the Company’s Chinese subsidiary, which are prepared using the RMB, are translated into the Company’s reporting currency, USD. Assets and liabilities are translated using the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenue and expenses are translated using average exchange rates prevailing during each reporting period. Stockholders’ equity is translated at historical exchange rates. Adjustments resulting from the translation are recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity.
Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. The resulting exchange difference, presented as foreign currency transaction loss, is included in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated statements of operations. The exchange rates used for unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are as follows:
|
Average Rate for the Nine Months Ended September 30, |
||||||||
|
2022 (Unaudited) |
2021 (Unaudited) |
|||||||
| China Yuan (RMB) | RMB | RMB | ||||||
| United States Dollar ($) | $ | $ | ||||||
| Exchange Rate at | ||||||||
|
September 30, 2022 |
December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| (Unaudited) | ||||||||
| China Yuan (RMB) | RMB | RMB | ||||||
| United States Dollar ($) | $ | $ | ||||||
| 15 |
Note 3 – Recent Accounting Pronouncement
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, (Topic 326), Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments which amends the current accounting guidance and requires the use of the new forward-looking “expected loss” model, rather than the “incurred loss” model, which requires all expected losses to be determined based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance amends the accounting for credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments including trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments. In November 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-10 to postpone the effective date of ASU No. 2016-13 for public business entities eligible to be smaller reporting companies defined by the SEC to fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company believes the adoption of ASU No. 2016-13 will not have a material impact on its financial position and results of operations.
Management does not believe that any recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting standards could have a material effect on the accompanying financial statements. As new accounting pronouncements are issued, we will adopt those that are applicable under the circumstances.
Note 4 – Inventory
At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, inventory consisted of the following:
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Parts | $ | $ | ||||||
| Finished goods | ||||||||
| Inventory | $ | $ | ||||||
Note 5 – Deposits
Deposit balance as of September 30, 2022 amounted
to $
Note 6 – Property and Equipment
At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, property and equipment consisted of the following:
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Warehouse | $ | $ | ||||||
| Land | ||||||||
| Building improvement | ||||||||
| Furniture and fixture | ||||||||
| Equipment | ||||||||
| Software | ||||||||
| Total cost | ||||||||
| Less accumulated depreciation | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||
| Property and equipment, net | $ | $ | ||||||
Depreciation expense for the nine months ended September
30, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $
| 16 |
Note 7 – Related Party Transactions
Revenue generated from Vitashower Corp., a
company owned by the Chief Executive Officer’s wife, amounted to $
Service revenue generated from the installation
of home security equipment by AVX for one of the Company’s directors, amounted to $
Compensation for services provided by the
President and Chief Executive Officer for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 amounted to $
Note 8 – Business Concentration and Risks
Major customers
Three customers accounted for
Major vendors
One vendor, Tianjin Guanglee, accounted for
Note 9 – Lease
The Company recorded its operating lease expense of
$
On April 8, 2015, AVX Design & Integration Inc. entered into an eighty-six month commercial lease with a third party for an approximately 2,592 square foot office space. The lease commenced on July 1, 2015, and ended on August 31, 2022. The monthly rent is $4,536 with approximately a 3% increase rate in each additional year. The incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments for the asset under similar term, which is 15%. Lease expense for the lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. As of the date of this Quarterly Report, the company has not entered into any new commercial lease for AVX Design & Integration Inc.
On December 7, 2021, Focus Universal (Shenzhen) Technology Co. LTD entered into a thirty-eight month commercial lease with a third party for an approximately 5,895 square foot office space. The lease commenced on December 25, 2021 and will end on February 28, 2025. The monthly rent is RMB70,097 (approximately $11,053) with approximately an 11.1% to 12.5% increase rate in each additional year. The incremental borrowing rate for a lease is the rate of interest the Company would have to pay on a collateralized basis to borrow an amount equal to the lease payments for the asset under similar term, which is 10%. Lease expense for the lease is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
| 17 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, operating lease right-of use assets and lease liabilities were as follows:
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Operating lease right-of-use assets | $ | $ | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, current portion | $ | $ | ||||||
| Lease liabilities, less current portion | $ | $ | ||||||
Lease term and discount rate:
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | ||||
| Weighted average remaining lease term | |||||
| Operating lease | |||||
| Weighted average discount rate | |||||
| Operating lease |
The minimum future lease payments are as follows:
| Amount | ||||
| Year ending December 31, 2022 | $ | |||
| Year ending December 31, 2023 | ||||
| Year ending December 31, 2024 | ||||
| Year ending December 31, 2025 | ||||
| Total minimum lease payment | ||||
| Less: imputed interest | ( |
) | ||
| Present value of future minimum lease payments | $ | |||
Note 10 – Loans
Paycheck Protection Program
On March 2, 2021, our subsidiary Perfecular Inc. entered
into an agreement to receive a U.S. Small Business Administration Loan (“SBA Loan”) from Wells Fargo related to the COVID-19
pandemic in the amount of $
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| SBA Loan | $ | $ | ||||||
| Less: current portion | ( | ) | ||||||
| Long term portion | $ | $ | ||||||
Interest expense incurred from the loans amounted
to $
| 18 |
Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity
Shares authorized
Upon formation, the total number of shares of all classes of stock that the Company is authorized to issue is seventy-five million () shares of common stock, par value $ per share.
Common stock
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued shares of common stock.
On April 4, 2022, the Company issued
shares of its Common Stock to Boustead Securities LLC. (“Boustead”), issued pursuant to the cashless warrant exercise,
exercised by Boustead on September 7, 2021 with an exercise price of $
On May 2, 2022, the Company issued shares to
consultants in exchange for professional services rendered. The shares were valued at $
On August 17, 2022, the Company issued shares
to two of the board members who exercised their options. The combined options were exercised and the shares were valued at $
On August 22, 2022, the Company issued shares to employee based on the Restricted Stock Award Agreements (see Employee compensation)
During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company issued a total of shares of common stock.
On September 2, 2021, the Company closed its underwritten initial public offering (“IPO”) under a registration statement that was declared effective on August 30, 2021, pursuant to which it issued and sold shares of Common Stock at a purchase price of $ per share.
On September 2, 2021, the Company closed on the IPO’s
overallotment option, selling an additional shares of Common Stock to the IPO’s underwriters at the public offering price
of $ per share. The Company received net proceeds of approximately $
As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had shares and shares of common stock issued and outstanding, respectively.
Treasury stock
On August 10, 2022, the Company entered a stock purchase agreement with a private shareholder to repurchase shares of its common stock for $ and placed it in treasury. The private shareholder transferred the shares on October 4, 2022, forming a binding agreement, and on October 6, 2022, the Company wired the first $1,000,000 of the purchase price. The remaining $1,000,000 is due on or before February 6, 2023.
Shares to be issued for compensation
The Company entered into agreements with third
party consultants for financing and management consulting. The Company has incurred consulting service fees not paid in cash
amounting to $
| 19 |
On August 30, 2021, the Company entered into a Representative
Common Stock Purchase Warrant agreement (“Warrant Agreement”) with its placement agent, Boustead Securities for 161,000 shares
and the exercise price is $6.25. Boustead exercised the warrants on September 7, 2021. The fair value of the warrants was $
These warrants were valued using a Black-Scholes pricing model with the following assumptions:
| August 30, 2021 (Initial | September 7, | |||||||
| Measurement) | 2021 | |||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | % | % | ||||||
| Expected term | years | years | ||||||
| Expected volatility | % | % | ||||||
| Expected dividend yield | % | % | ||||||
| Fair value of units (using Black-Scholes) | $ | $ | ||||||
This Warrant Agreement allowed for cashless exercise option, which is calculated by the percentage difference between exercise and trading price, which resulted in a reduced number of warrants being exercisable. On September 7, 2021, Boustead exercised 121,149 warrants with fair value of $1,776,044 upon cashless exercise option of warrants related to completion of the Company’s public offering. The shares were issued six months after these warrants have been exercised. For the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company has a gain on settlement of derivative liability which amounted to $550,406. 121,149 shares were issued to Boustead which amounted to $1,776,044 as of September 30, 2022.
Employee compensation
On February 11, 2022 (“Vesting Date”), the Company entered into a Restricted Stock Award Agreement (“Award Agreement”) with eight employees for shares of the $0.001 par value voting common stock subject to the terms and to the fulfillment of the conditions set in the Company’s equity incentive plan. The first 20% of the restricted shares was granted and vested on February 11, 2022 (the “Vesting Date”). Twenty percent of the restricted shares will vest on each anniversary of the Vesting Date until fourth anniversary of the Vesting Date. There were shares granted as of March 31, 2022. The fair value of above employee compensation was $ as of September 30, 2022.
In November 2021, the Company entered into a one-year employment agreement with VP of Finance and Head of Investor Relations of the Company, pursuant to which the Company rewards a 10,000-share bonus consisting of shares of $0.001 par value voting common stock, which will be granted in 2,500 blocks every quarter based on certain performance metrics.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the total employee compensation amount for all employees in the company, was $663,900 and $0, respectively. The Company issued 60,500 shares for employee compensation as of the nine months’ ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized employee compensation in amount of $75,340 for the fixed salary of the VP of Finance and $21,020 for the Chief Financial Officer.
Stock options
On August 6, 2019, each member of the Board was granted
On January 4, 2021, each member of the Board was granted
On December 31, 2021, each member of the Board was
granted
| 20 |
As of December 31, 2021, there were
For the nine months ended September 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s stock option compensation expenses amounted to $ and $, respectively.
The fair value of the stock options listed above was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions:
| September 30, 2022 | September 30, 2021 | |||||||
| Risk-free interest rate | – % | % | ||||||
| Expected life of the options | years | years | ||||||
| Expected volatility | – % | % | ||||||
| Expected dividend yield | % | % | ||||||
The following is a summary of the option activity from December 31, 2021 to September 30, 2022:
| Options | Shares | Weighted average exercise price | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life | Aggregate Intrinsic Value | ||||||||||||
| Outstanding at December 31, 2021 | $ | – | ||||||||||||||
| Granted | $ | – | – | |||||||||||||
| Exercised | ( |
) | $ | – | – | |||||||||||
| Forfeited or expired | ( |
) | $ | – | – | |||||||||||
| Outstanding at September 30, 2022 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Vested as of September 30, 2022 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| Exercisable at September 30, 2022 | $ | |||||||||||||||
| 21 |
Note 12 – Segment reporting
The Company consists of three types of operations. (1) Focus Universal, Inc. (“Corporate”) involves operations related to research and development of technology products, non-specific financing, executive expense, operations and investor relations of the public entity, and general shared management and costs across subsidiary units which spread across all functional categories. (2) Perfecular Inc. (“Perfecular”) involves wholesale, marketing, and production of universal smart instruments and devices in the hydroponic and controlled agricultural segments. (3) AVX Design & Integration, Inc. (“AVX”) is an IoT installation and management company specializing in high performance and easy to use audio/video, home theater, lighting control, automation, and integration. The table below discloses income statement information by segment.
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | Perfecular | AVX | Total | |||||||||||||
| Revenue | $ | $ | $ | $ | ||||||||||||
| Revenue - related party | ||||||||||||||||
| Total revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Cost of revenue | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | ||||||||||||||||
| Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Selling expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Compensation - officers and directors | ||||||||||||||||
| Research and development | ||||||||||||||||
| Professional fees | ||||||||||||||||
| General and administrative | ||||||||||||||||
| Total Cost and Operating Expenses | ||||||||||||||||
| Loss from Operations | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Other Income (Expense): | ||||||||||||||||
| Interest income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Unrealized loss on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Realized loss on marketable equity securities | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||
| Other income (expense), net | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Total other income (expense) | ( | ) | ||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ( | ) | ||||||||
| Tax expense | ||||||||||||||||
| Net Loss | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | $ | ( | ) | ||||
| 22 |
Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies
In the normal course of business or otherwise, the Company may become involved in legal proceedings. The Company will accrue a liability for such matters when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. When only a range of possible loss can be established, the most probable amount in the range is accrued. The accrual for a litigation loss contingency might include, for example, estimates of potential damages, outside legal fees, and other directly related costs expected to be incurred. There were no recorded litigation loss contingencies as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
Note 14 – Subsequent Events
On August 10, 2022, the Company entered a stock purchase agreement with a private shareholder to repurchase 400,000 shares of its common stock for $2,000,000 and placed it in treasury. On October 6, 2022, the Company paid an amount of $1,000,000 to repurchase 400,000 shares of its common stock from one shareholder. A remaining $1,000,000 payment for the shares will be due within six months of August 10, 2022.
The Company has evaluated other subsequent events through the date these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements were issued and determined that there were no other subsequent events or transactions other than this election of director event that require recognition or disclosures in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
| 23 |
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS AND PLAN OF OPERATION
The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with, and is qualified in its entirety by, the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in, Item 1 in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. This item contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements.
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, and projections about our industry, management beliefs, and certain assumptions made by our management. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict; therefore, actual results may differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in any such forward-looking statements. Unless required by law, we undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. However, readers should carefully review the risk factors set forth herein and in other reports and documents that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, particularly the Report on Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and any Current Reports on Form 8-K.
Narrative Description of the Business
Focus Universal Inc. (the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”) is a Nevada corporation. We believe we have developed five proprietary technologies utilizing our patent portfolio which we believe solve the most fundamental problems plaguing the internet of things (“IoT”) industry through: (1) increasing overall chip integration by shifting integration from the component level to the device level; (2) creating a faster 5G cellular technology by using ultra-narrowband technology; (3) leveraging ultra-narrowband power line communication (“PLC”) technology; (4) proprietary User Interface Machine auto generation technology; and (5) incorporating all our core technologies into a single chip. Our Universal Smart Technology is designed to overcome instrumentation interoperability and interchangeability. The electronic design starts from a 90% completed common foundation we call our universal smart instrumentation platform (“USIP”), instead of the current method of building each stand-alone instrument from scratch. Our method eliminates redundant hardware and software and results in significant cost savings and production efficiency. We believe we have developed software machine auto generation technology to replace the manual software designs which are currently in use and cannot satisfy the exponential growth of future IoT industry demand. We believe our ultra-narrowband PLC enables our users to send data over existing electrical power cables and immediately establish a ubiquitous data network without substantial new investment for a dedicated wiring infrastructure. We believe our ultra-narrow band technology is capable of overcoming the noise problems communicating through power lines that have hindered our competitors for over a century. We believe our wireless communication technology allows for longer-range coverage, is more energy effective and has much faster data sending speeds than the current 5G technology speeds being used. We also provide sensor devices and are a wholesaler of various air filters and digital, analog, and quantum light meter systems.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we generated significant amount of our revenue from sales of a broad selection of agricultural sensors and measurement equipment which is our primary business.
Our Current Products Include:
We are a wholesaler of various digital, analog, and quantum light meters and filtration products, including fan speed adjusters, carbon filters and HEPA filtration systems. We source these products from various manufacturers in China and then sell them to a major U.S. distributor, Hydrofarm, who resells our products directly to consumers through retail distribution channels and in some cases, places its own branding on our products. During the development phase, the company uses generic electronic device casings to house the prototype equipment before the final design and manufacturing process.
As an update to our product line development: we plan to phase out the traditional, lower-margin products and are preparing to launch a new line of products that have been in development for several years. These newer technology products will be released in phases, and we intend that increasing amounts of technology will be layered upon these products. Additionally, we plan to continue to increase our efforts in protecting more intellectual property and have continued to develop technologies for long-term growth. We have developed products in both the controlled agriculture industry and home automation industries. We have existing relationships in both sectors.
| 24 |
We are building a U.S. sales team. The team has already begun marketing our current AVX branded surveillance camera system (cameras and NVRs) and indoor and outdoor LED screens.
In our hydroponics segment, our honeycomb activated carbon filter product has been issued a patent in October 2022, and the production of the products in several different formats has been completed and are ready to ship to the USA for nationwide marketing.
Our products on the home automation front are also beginning production. Of note, (1) smart wall touch light switches, (2) digital control smart wall touch light switches, (3) smart timers, and finally (4) smart controllers are ready for production.
Currently, our Shenzhen subsidiary unit mainly focuses on product development and commercialization. An important electrode with a “Total Dissolved Solids” (“TDS”) meter design, which applications in all solubility measurements, was completed and approved by our US management team.
Furthermore, our devices and sensors with applications within hydroponics again, including (1) pH meter, (2) CO2 meter, (3) dissolved oxygen meter, (4) digital light meter, (5) new (and vastly improved) quantum par meter are under intensive testing and we expect to send our new versions to our US headquarters for management approval in November 2022.
In summary, our entire smart home and hydroponic IoT are expected to be completed by the end of 2022. Beyond IoT products, as an NIPL (our software platform for interoperability within IoT) derivative product, a complementary office automation software was developed, and we believe the remaining major technical difficulties have been overcome. This specific software was designated to assist in completing financial reports faster, more accurately, and allow ease of update, eliminating the need for increased staffing especially in time sensitive projects. It is designed to save CPAs, auditors, accounting, or legal significant of time in preparation of SEC financial reports and other internal financial reporting. Eighty percent (80%) of this software development has been completed and we hope to launch beta versions by the end of 2022.
While we will continue to sell the following products through Hydrofarm, we expect to have upgraded versions of certain products to re-introduce new versions after the older version are discontinued:
Specifically, we sell the following products through Hydrofarm:
Fan speed adjuster device. We provide a fan speed adjuster device to our client Hydrofarm. Designed specifically for centrifugal fans with brushless motors, our adjuster device helps ensure longer life by preventing damage to fan motors by adjusting the speed of centrifugal fans without causing the motor to hum. These devices are rated for 350 watts max, have 120VAC voltage capacity and feature an internal, electronic auto-resetting circuit breaker.
Carbon filter devices. We sell two types of carbon filter devices to our client Hydrofarm. These carbon filter devices are professional grade filters specifically designed and used to filter air in greenhouses that might be polluted by fermenting organics. One of these filters can be attached to a centrifugal fan to scrub the air in a constant circle or can be attached to an exhaust line as a single pass filter, which moves air out of the growing area and filters unwanted odors and removes pollens, dust, and other debris in the air. The other filter is designed to be used with fans from 0-6000 C.F.M.
HEPA filtration device. We provide a high-efficiency particulate arrestance (“HEPA”) filtration device at wholesale prices to our client Hydrofarm. Manufactured, tested, certified, and labeled in accordance with current HEPA filter standards, this device is targeted towards greenhouses and grow rooms and designed to keep insects, bacteria, and mold out of grow rooms. We sell these devices in various sizes.
Digital light meter. We provide a handheld digital light meter that is used to measure luminance in fc units, or foot-candles.
Quantum par meter. We provide a handheld quantum par meter used to measure photosynthetically active radiation (“PAR”). This fully portable handheld PAR meter is designed to measure PAR flux in wavelengths ranging from 400 to 700 nm. It is designed to measure up to 10,000 µmol.
Ubiquitor Wireless Universal Sensor Device
We are developing a device we call the Ubiquitor, which replaces the functions of traditional digital measurement and sensing products by integrating many digital sensors and measurement tools into one single digital device. We believe the platform represents a technological advancement in the IoT marketplace by integrating large numbers of technologies, including cloud technology, wired and wireless communication technology, software programming, instrumentation technology, artificial intelligence, PLC, and sensor networking into a single platform. The result of such integration is a smaller, cheaper and faster circuit system design than those currently offered in the instrumentation market.
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Our USIP technology that will make the Ubiquitor possible is an advanced software and hardware integrated instrumentation platform that uses a large-scale modular design approach. The large-scale modular design approach subdivides instruments into a foundation component (a USIP) and architecture-specific components (sensor nodes), which together replaces the functions of traditional instruments at a fraction of their cost. The USIP has an open architecture, incorporating a variety of individual instrument functions, sensors, and probes from different industries and vendors. The platform features the ability to connect potentially thousands of different sensors or probes, addressing major limitations present in traditional instrumentation systems.
The USIP, which is compatible with a significant percentage of the instruments currently manufactured, consists of universal and reusable hardware and software. The universal hardware in the USIP is (i) a smartphone, computer, or any mobile device capable of running our software that includes a display and either hardware controls or software control surfaces, and (ii) our Ubiquitor, which is designed to be the universal data logger that acts as a bridge between the computer or mobile device and the sensor nodes. We call our flagship USIP device the “Ubiquitor” due to its ability to measure and test a variety of electrical and physical phenomena such as voltage, current, temperature, pressure, sound, light, and humidity—both wired and wirelessly.
We have created and assembled prototype models of the Ubiquitor in limited quantities and plan to expand our assembly in 2023. Our prototype Ubiquitor is compatible with standard desktop computers running either Windows OS or MacOS and Android- or iOS-based mobile devices and acts as a conduit that communicates with a group of sensors or probes manufactured by different vendors in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of their unique specifications. The data readout is displayed on the computer or mobile device display in application software we have created for use with a Windows PC and are creating for use with a Mac. We are designing the application software (the “App”) to have a graphical representation of control and indicator elements common in traditional tangible instruments, such as knobs, buttons, dials, and graphs, etc. Utilizing the Ubiquitor and the App, users and instrument manufacturers will be free to add, remove or change a sensor module for their special industrial or educational application without needing to create their own application software and design their own hardware. Our developers are designing and implementing a soft control touch screen interface that supports real-time data monitoring and facilitates instrument control and operation.
Recently, we have devoted a substantial number of resources to research and development in both the US and China to bring the Ubiquitor and its App to full production and distribution. We anticipate that the sales and marketing involved with bringing the Ubiquitor to market will require us to hire a number of new sales and marketing employees in order to gain traction in the market. We expect to continue this process throughout 2023. We intend to introduce the Ubiquitor in smart home installations to reduce costs and increase functionality, as well as implement the Ubiquitor device in greenhouses and other agricultural warehouses that require regulation of light, humidity, temperature, and other measurable scientific units required to create optimal growing conditions.
Our universal smart development protocol focuses not only on the design of the hardware and software modules but also on the design of the overall universal smart instruments system, guided by the principles of structure, universality and modularity. As mentioned, we believe we address the core and fundamental issues facing the IoT marketplace.
Our Ubiquitor device is a fully modular system with a universal sensor node and gateway system that uses a computer or mobile device as the output display module responsible for displaying the readings of various sensor nodes. We have completed an initial production run of prototype Ubiquitor devices and intend to proceed into full-scale production. We intend to design the Ubiquitor’s sensor analytics system to integrate event-monitoring, storage and analytics software in a cohesive package that provides a holistic view of the sensor data it is reading. During the development phase, the company uses generic electronic device casings to house the prototype equipment before final design and manufacturing process.
The physical hardware of the Ubiquitor will consist of:
| 1. | The sensor nodes, which come in hundreds of different varieties of sensor instruments in the form of a USB stick, with both male and female ports; and |
| 2. | The Ubiquitor instrument as the main hardware gateway, which is a small cell phone-sized device with integrated circuits. |
We believe the Ubiquitor device can connect up to thousands of potential sensor nodes, and integrate data using embedded software to display the data and all analytics onto a digital screen (desktop, smartphone or mobile device displays) using a Wi-Fi connection. As disclosed in our patent application, we have already tested up to 256 sensor instrument readouts. Most types of nodes and probes can connect to the hardware. If the sensor size is bigger than the standard probe size, it is possible to simply use a USB cable to connect the probe and the hub. All data and analytics are displayed on a single screen, with tools that record and keep track of all measurements, and sort and display analytic information in easy-to-read charts.
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The Ubiquitor will be a general platform that collects data in real time, up to 100 Hz per second; and thus, is intended to be adapted to many industrial uses.
By using the universal hardware or USIP, we believe we could achieve the following efficiencies in instrumentation systems:
| 1. | Cut production costs. Smartphone technology is widely used on the small sensor device market. By utilizing smartphone technology, the Ubiquitor will add superior functionality and performance, improve the product’s quality, and cut production costs. |
| 2. | Reduce the effort required to develop a new sensor product. With the Ubiquitor, we believe that there will be no need for device manufacturers to research and develop new monitoring and operating components because they will just need to develop new sensor nodes or probes that may be integrated into our software technology. |
| 3. | Reduce clutter. It is anticipated that the Ubiquitor could dispense with some of the hassle of connecting cables, since the Ubiquitor allows wireless transmission of sensor data and may allow wireless access to networks, such as a PLC network. |
We have not yet started research and development of a second generation Ubiquitor device, but once we demonstrate the market for this product, we intend to begin such research and development. Currently our research and development is focused on concepts we can implement in the current first generation Ubiquitor device.
Research and Development Efforts of Power Line Communication
Power Line Communication (“PLC”) is a communication technology that enables sending data over existing power cables. One advantage of this technology is that PLC does not require substantial new investment for its communications infrastructure. Rather, PLC utilizes existing power lines, thereby forming a distribution network that already penetrates all residential, commercial and industrial premises. Accordingly, connectivity via PLC is potentially the most cost-effective, scalable interconnectivity approach for the IoT. We believe PLC can be an integral part of our communication infrastructure for the IoT, which enables reliable, real-time measurements, monitoring and control. A large variety of appliances may be interconnected by transmitting data through the same wires that provide electrical energy.
Our patented PLC is an innovative communication technology that enables sending data over existing power cables in the electric grid. Because PLC uses the existing power lines, it does not require substantial new investment for a dedicated wiring infrastructure. Existing power lines already form a distribution network that penetrates most residential, commercial, and industrial properties. Given that the power grid is, for the most part, an established ubiquitous network, we believe that PLC is potentially the most cost-effective, scalable interconnectivity approach for the backbone communication infrastructure required for the IoT. PLC allows IoT devices to be plugged into power outlets to establish a connection using the existing electrical wiring, permitting data sharing without the inconvenience of running dedicated network cables.
Historically, the primary design goal of the power line network was electric power distribution. The power line network was not originally designed to function as a communication channel. Consequently, while PLC has been around for many years, the harsh electrical noise present on power lines and variations in equipment and standards make communications over the power grid difficult and present several challenges for data transfer. Signals propagating along the power line are subjected to substantial amounts of noise, attenuation, and distortion. PLC is susceptible to noise from devices linked to the power supply infrastructure. Because of these factors, previous attempts at implementing PLC technology resulted in power companies and internet service providers deciding that the technology is not a viable means of delivering data or broadband internet access.
We have successfully developed ultra-narrowband PLC technology that we believe can transfer readable data through the power grid. According to our internal testing, our ultra-narrowband PLC technology can send and receive data without the customary interference that occurs in standard office and residential environments, achieving speeds of 4 Mbps at a bandwidth of less than 1000 Hz. We utilized six industrial fans simultaneously to test noise interference and disturbance, and no significant interference was found. By comparison, a single hair dryer will render legacy PLC technology completely useless. We have completed the development of our 4Mbps PLC modules and the printed circuit board layout. These modules will be used for IoT systems involving over 1,000 sensors.
Penetrating physical barriers like walls within a single floor or reaching out to different floors in a single building is a challenge for the wireless technology that current IoT systems use. Moreover, wireless networks often face performance issues due to radio-frequency interference caused by microwave ovens, cordless telephones, or even Bluetooth devices at home. However, our PLC technology can reach every node connected via the power lines. We believe our technology will convert virtually every standard wall socket into an access point, making it a more consistent and reliable system for crucial and sensitive operations. Our ultra-narrowband PLC technology’s ability to reach long distances via power lines will become especially useful in commercial networks that require the ability to avoid physical barriers like walls, underground structures, and hills. We believe that our PLC technology can be integral to any smart city, community, or campus.
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For example, the 5G cellular network promises exciting advances for telecommunication service providers, but implementing the 5G network will be challenging. The implementation will require building out dense, low-latency edge networks in ways that are affordable, secure and easily maintainable ways. 5G antennas will be able to handle more users and to transmit more data, but they will have a shorter transmission range. 5G networks will also require frequencies of up to 300 GHz. This requirement means wireless carriers must bid for the costly higher spectrum bands to roll out their respective 5G networks. Generally speaking, wireless networks are typically slower and more expensive than existing wired networks and extremely susceptible to interference from radio signals, radiation, walls and other forms of interference. Additionally, wireless networks may be accessed by any device within range of the network’s signal, making the information transmitted on a wireless network susceptible to access by unauthorized recipients. We are currently developing a wired alternative to wireless networks that utilize installed power lines to transmit information. Our PLC technology uses an ultra-narrow band spectrum channel of less than 1 KHz to establish a long-distance link between transmitter and receiver. Thus, we believe that our proprietary ultra-narrow band PLC technology will offer a promising alternative to wireless networks and provide the backbone communication infrastructure for IoT devices.
We believe that because residential and commercial structures already include multiple power outlets, the power line infrastructure represents an excellent network to share data among intelligent devices, particularly in the smart home installations that we are currently performing through AVX. Using PLC technology would mean that the requirement for costly ethernet cable networks to carry network information could be eliminated, as the same signals may be carried on the existing power lines.
We plan to leverage the communications technology of PLC to enhance the Ubiquitor and make the Ubiquitor a central component of the smart home and gardening systems we are currently developing. The goal would be that our Ubiquitor would be used to send or receive control signals from a smart device, and control hundreds of devices in near real time. We intend to apply the same concept to commercial and industrial applications.
Also, we plan to design a full line of products for the gardening industry by integrating the Ubiquitor device into a gardening system. The system would include a light control node, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, digital light sensor, quantum PAR sensor, pH sensor, total dissolved solids (“TDS”) sensor and carbon dioxide sensor design. We believe combining these sensors would offer the same features as combining dozens or even hundreds of different instruments in the gardening industry. The Ubiquitor would be used to replace these devices and could offer another case study of the effectiveness of the application of universal smart technology to such systems.
The development of universal smart instruments and the IoT have a considerable amount of overlap, with the only difference being the number of sensor nodes involved. We plan to take advantage of this overlap and unify universal smart instruments and the IoT into a single system, building the IoT infrastructure for both residential and commercial uses and charging monthly subscription fees. End users will be able to plug any peripheral devices into the power outlet and enjoy the IoT connectivity throughout their home.
Eventually, we hope to establish five divisions to bring our technology together: 1) AVX with new shared distributed smart home products powered by the Ubiquitor; 2) an IT division in software machine design; 3) Universal Smart Instrumentation; 4) PLC; and 5) an IoT division.
Intellectual Property Protection
On November 4, 2016, we filed a U.S. patent application number 15/344,041 with the USPTO. On March 5, 2018, we issued a press release announcing that the USPTO published an Issue Notification for U.S. Patent Application No. 9924295 entitled “Universal Smart Device,” which covers a patent application regarding the Company’s Universal Smart Device. The patent was issued on March 20, 2018.
Subsequent to our internal research and development efforts, we filed with the USPTO on June 2, 2017 a patent application regarding a process for improving a spectral response curve of a photo sensor. The small and cost-effective multicolor sensor and its related software protected by the patent we believe could achieve a spectral response that approximates an ideal photo response to take optical measurement. The patent was issued on February 26, 2019.
In addition, we have been notified that the USPTO published a notice of allowance for a patent application we filed on March 12, 2018 as application No. 15/925,400. The patent title is a “Universal Smart Device,” which is a universal smart instrument that unifies heterogeneous measurement probes into a single device that can analyze, publish, and share the data analyzed. The issue fee was paid on March 14, 2019.
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On November 29, 2019, the Company filed an international utility patent application filed through the patent cooperation treaty as application PCT/US2019/63880. In April 2020, the Company was notified that it received a favorable international search report from the International Searching Authority regarding this patent application, which patents the Company’s PLC technology. The World International Property Organization report cited only three category “A” documents, indicating that the Company’s application met both the novelty and non-obviousness patentability requirements. Consequently, the Company is optimistic that the patent covering the claims for its PLC technology will be issued in due course and will allow the Company to implement strong protections on the PLC technology worldwide.
In the fourth quarter of 2021, we hired the law firm of Knobbe Martens, Olson & Bear, LLP to serve as outside intellectual property counsel for the Company. The firm is working on further transferring the Company’s provisional patent applications to formal patent applications which should number 13 according if all proceed according to plan. In addition, Knobbe Martens is also working on further filing four previously unfiled patents during the same timeframe and extending an existing patent application into Europe and Australia. In addition, in May 2022, the Company also engaged Chang & Hale, LLP law firm as suggested by our counsel at Knobbe, Martens, Olsen & Bear, LLP to assist with two new patents, however Knobbe Martens still remains our main IP counsel. The company now has 24 total patents and patent applications in various phases with the US Patent and Trademark Office, with two more provisional patents filed this quarter.
As a note, Focus Universal’s patent number 11,488,468 was allowed and subsequently issued on November 1, 2022. The patent is titled “Sensor for Detecting the Proximity of an IEEE 802.11 Protocol Connectable Device.”
Competitors
We have identified several competitors we have identified, specifically in the wireless sensor node industry, including traditional instruments or device manufacturers such as Hanna Instruments and Extech Instruments.
Hach developed and launched the SC1000 Multi-parameter Universal Controller, a probe module for connecting up to 32 digital sensors or analyzers. However, their products are not compatible with smart phones yet; and we believe their price point is still prohibitive to consumers.
Monnit Corporation offers a range of wireless and remote sensors. Many of Monnit’s products are web-based wireless sensors that usually are not portable because of their power consumption. Also, the sensors’ real-time updates are slow; and we believe security of the web-based sensor data acquisition may also be a concern. In addition to purchasing the device, consumers usually have to pay monthly fees for using web-based services.
We are not trying to compete with traditional instruments or device manufacturers because we utilize our Ubiquitor device in conjunction with our smartphone application, which we believe will be a completely different product category.
Market Potential
We believe that wireless universal smart technology will play a critical role for traditional instrument manufacturers, as it is too expensive and difficult to develop for medium or smaller companies. The cost factor is the first consideration when deciding whether a company wants to develop smart wireless technologies and implement them in their products or use them in their field testing. We also hope to play a role in academic laboratories, particularly with smaller academic laboratories that are sensitive to price.
Results of Operations
For the three months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021
Revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit
Our consolidated gross revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $60,654 and $634,777, respectively, which included revenue from related parties of $5,968 and $0, respectively. Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $574,123 due to sales decrease from major customer of Perfecular and AVX Design & Integration Inc. being unable to generate more service work or develop a big project of high competitive environment in Los Angeles area. Additionally, the company is midstream in shifting toward more higher technology products and revenues, and diversifying away from more generalized hydroponic equipment of which remain in higher inventory levels within the industry.
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Cost of revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $42,441, compared to $521,334 for the three months ended September 30, 2021. This decrease in cost of revenue was related to the decrease in revenues. In addition to the decrease in revenue, gross profit decrease to $18,213 compared to $113,443 three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Operating Expenses
The major components of our cost and operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are outlined in the table below:
| For the three months ended September 30, 2022 | For the three months ended September 30, 2021 | Increase (Decrease) $ | ||||||||||
| Selling expense | 76,984 | 14,776 | 62,208 | |||||||||
| Compensation – officers and directors | 34,000 | 34,600 | (600 | ) | ||||||||
| Research and development | 133,109 | 55,525 | 77,584 | |||||||||
| Professional fees | 150,943 | 343,787 | (192,844 | ) | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 597,143 | 422,309 | 174,834 | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 992,179 | $ | 870,997 | $ | 121,182 | ||||||
Selling expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 was $76,984, compared to $14,776 for the three months ended September 30, 2021. Selling expense incurred was mainly from marketing fees, including expenses related to the Company’s management ringing the closing bell for Nasdaq, and a one-time sales return for Perfecular. The increase of selling expenses was due to an increase in marketing fees.
Compensation – officers and directors were $34,000 and $34,600 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Research and development costs were $133,109 and $55,525 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was due to an increase in research and development employee compensation and China based operations’ research and development costs.
Professional fees were $150,943 during the three months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $343,787 during the three months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in these fees compared to the prior period was due to the fact that in the prior period we were uplisting to Nasdaq by pursuing an underwritten offering.
General and administrative expenses of $597,143 incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $195,750, salaries of $110,024, rent of $43,266, insurance expense of $72,274, and depreciation expense of $41,115. General and administrative expenses of $422,309 incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $106,837, salaries of $82,382, insurance expense of $116,546 and depreciation expense of $41,062.
Other Income (expense)
Other income of $31,946 incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2022 primarily consisted of interest income of $2,635, unrealized gain on marketable equity securities of $42,101, realized loss on marketable equity securities of $31,486 and other income of $18,696. Other expenses of $580,200 incurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily consisted of interest expense of $14,069, gain on extinguishment of debt $107,460, change in fair value of warrant liability of $1,284,780, gain on settlement of derivative liability of $550,406 and other income of $60,783.
Net Losses
During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we incurred net losses of $942,020 and $1,337,754 respectively, due to the factors discussed above.
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021
Revenue
Our consolidated gross revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $282,463 and $1,259,920, respectively, which included revenue from related parties of $39,788 and $15,141, respectively. Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 decreased $977,457 due to sales decrease from Hydrofarm to Perfecular and AVX Design & Integration Inc. being unable to generate more service work or develop a big project in the highly competitive environment of the Los Angeles area. As mentioned, the company is midstream in shifting toward more higher technology products and revenues and diversifying away from generalized hydroponic equipment.
Cost of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $243,004, compared to $1,022,666 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. This decrease in cost of revenue was related to the decrease in revenues. In addition to the decrease in revenue, gross profit decrease to $39,459 compared to $237,254 nine months ended September 30,2022 and 2021, respectively.
Operating Expenses
The major components of our cost and operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 are outlined in the table below:
| For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 | For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 | Increase (Decrease) $ | ||||||||||
| Selling expense | 132,871 | 15,734 | 117,137 | |||||||||
| Compensation – officers and directors | 144,040 | 107,700 | 36,340 | |||||||||
| Research and development | 862,214 | 165,897 | 696,317 | |||||||||
| Professional fees | 686,150 | 801,262 | (115,112 | ) | ||||||||
| General and administrative | 2,317,359 | 1,286,943 | 1,030,416 | |||||||||
| Total operating expenses | $ | 4,142,634 | $ | 2,377,536 | $ | 1,765,098 | ||||||
Selling expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $132,871, compared to $15,734 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Selling expense incurred was mainly from marketing fees. The increase of selling expense was due to an increase in marketing fees.
Compensation – officers and directors were $144,040 and $107,700 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was due to granting equity compensation.
Research and development costs were $862,214 and $165,897 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase was due to an increase in research and development employee compensation; and on research and development costs incurred by our Chinese subsidiary.
Professional fees were $686,150 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 compared to $801,262 during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in professional fees compared to the prior period was due to the fact that in 2021 the Company was uplisting to Nasdaq and conducted an underwritten offering.
General and administrative expenses of $2,317,359 incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $652,500, salaries of $579,958, rent of $280,311, insurance expense of $330,768, and depreciation expense of $123,177. General and administrative expenses of $1,286,943 incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily consisted of stock-based compensation of $320,512, salaries of $344,133, depreciation expense of $121,933, and insurance expense of $251,690. The major portion of increase these expenses were related to increase director’s stock-based compensation.
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Other Income (expense)
Other income of $230,928 incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 primarily consisted of interest income of $2,885, unrealized loss on marketable equity securities of $32,525, realized loss on marketable equity securities of $21,205 and other income of $281,773. Other expense of $360,133 incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily consisted of interest expense of $36,825, gain on extinguishment of debt for SBA PPP forgiveness loan amount of $260,450, change in fair value of warrant liability amount of $1,284,780, gain on settlement of derivative liability amount of $550,406 and other income of $150,616.
Net Losses
During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, we incurred net losses of $3,872,247 and $2,500,415 respectively, due to the factors discussed above.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Working Capital
| September 30, 2022 | December 31, 2021 | |||||||
| Current Assets | $ | 6,591,072 | $ | 9,214,340 | ||||
| Current Liabilities | (2,278,440 | ) | (571,442 | ) | ||||
| Working Capital | $ | 4,312,632 | $ | 8,642,898 | ||||
Cash Flows
The table below, for the periods indicated, provides selected cash flow information:
| For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 | For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 | |||||||
| Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (2,435,157 | ) | $ | (1,496,812 | ) | ||
| Net cash used in investing activities | (177,738 | ) | (6,875 | ) | ||||
| Net cash provided by financing activities | – | 10,455,528 | ||||||
| Effect of exchange rate | (3,352 | ) | – | |||||
| Net change in cash | $ | (2,616,247 | ) | $ | 8,951,841 | |||
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Our net cash outflows from operating activities of $2,435,157 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was primarily the result of our net loss of $3,872,247 and changes in our operating assets and liabilities offset by the add-back of non-cash expenses. The change in operating assets and liabilities includes an increase in accounts receivable of $32,257, an increase in accounts receivable – related party of $45,413, an increase in inventories of $5,087, a decrease in prepaid expense of $116,648, an decrease in deposit of $1,998, a decrease in operating lease right-of-use asset of $226,468, an decrease in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $120,121, a decrease in other current liabilities of $17,135, an decrease in customer deposit of $271, a decrease in lease liabilities of $94,542, an increase in other liabilities of $12,335. Non-cash expense included add-backs of $72,108 in bad debt expense, $21,133 in reduction of inventory fair value adjustments, $123,908 in depreciation expense, $32,525 in unrealized loss on marketable equity securities, $21,205 in realized loss on marketable securities, $158,547 in gain on forgiveness of debt, $671,901 in stock-based compensation - shares, and $652,500 in stock option compensation.
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Our net cash outflows from operating activities of $1,496,812 for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily the result of our net loss of $2,500,415 and changes in our operating assets and liabilities offset by the add-back of non-cash expenses. The change in operating assets and liabilities includes an increase in accounts receivable of $120,503, a decrease in inventory of $20,969, an increase in prepaid expenses of $55,280, a decrease in deposits of $100,000, a decrease in operating lease right-of-use asset of $36,059, an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $172,474, a decrease in accounts payable – related party of $17,471, an increase in other current liabilities of $17,299, a decrease in customer deposits of $57,106, a decrease in lease liabilities of $39,044, and a decrease in other liabilities of $17,135. Non-cash expense includes add-backs of $7,794 in bad debt expense, $1,689 in inventory reserve reductions, $121,932 in depreciation expense, $258,960 in gain on extinguishment of debt, $1,284,780 in change in fair value of warrant liability, $550,406 in gain on settlement of derivative liability, $36,000 in stock-based compensation, and $320,512 in stock option compensation.
We expect that cash flows from operating activities may fluctuate in future periods as a result of a number of factors, including fluctuations in our net revenues and operating results, utilization of new revenue streams, in line with our shifting revenue streams, collection of accounts receivable, and timing of billings and payments.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 we had cash outflow from investing activities of $177,738. That was primarily the result from the purchase of property and equipment of $39,193, purchase of marketable securities of $768,949, and proceeds from sales of marketable securities of $630,404. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021 we had cash outflow from investing activities of $6,875 from the purchase of property and equipment.
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
There were no financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, cash inflows of $10,455,528 were due to proceeds of SBA loans of $267,297, payment of an SBA loan of $137,900, proceeds from bank loan of $1,500,000, payment on bank loan of $1,500,000, and net proceeds of $10,326,131 from an underwritten public offering.
Going Concern
In the long term, the continuation of the Company as a going concern is dependent upon the continued financial support from its shareholders, the ability of the Company to repay its debt obligations, to obtain necessary equity financing to continue operations, and the attainment of profitable operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had a net loss of $3,872,247 and negative cash flow from operating activities of $2,435,157. With a January 1, 2022 beginning cash amount of $8,678,665, the Company will have enough cash to cover its projected annual cash burn rate of $3,152,618 which is an increase from the previous year. This is a result of coming off of a year where the company completed an uplisting transaction causing a greater than normal amount of expenditure, especially in professional service fees. Overall, the Company has adequate cash for the Company to continue operation as a going concern throughout 2022 without any additional capital raise. As a result, the previous factors raising substantial doubt to continue as a going concern have been alleviated for the following year.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2022, we did not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements, as defined in Item 303(a)(4)(ii) of Regulation SK.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act and are not required to provide the information required under this item.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls
Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, at the end of the period covered by this report. Based on this evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded as of the evaluation date that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective such that the material information required to be included in our Securities and Exchange Commission reports is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms relating to our Company, particularly during the period when this report was being prepared.
Our management concluded we did not maintain effective controls over the Company’s financial reporting. The material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, caused principally by inadequate staffing and technical expertise in key positions, resulted in overly relying on outside consultants to make numerous adjustments to our financial statements. Additionally, the significant deficiencies or material weaknesses could result in future material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements that would not be prevented or detected. Management has concluded that the identified control deficiencies constitute a material weakness.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting.
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on the Effectiveness of Internal Controls
Disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and implemented, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving an entity's disclosure objectives. The likelihood of achieving such objectives is affected by limitations inherent in disclosure controls and procedures. These include the fact that human judgment in decision-making can be faulty and that breakdowns in internal control can occur because of human failures such as simple errors or mistakes or intentional circumvention of the established process.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We were not subject to any new legal proceedings during the nine months ended September 30,2022 and there are currently no new legal proceedings, to which we are a party, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
We are a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and are not required to provide the information under this item.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
No shares or common stock were sold during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
No senior securities were issued and outstanding during the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2022 or 2021.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable to our Company.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “FCUV.”
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K
Exhibits
The following financial information is filed as part of this report:
| (a) | (1) FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| (2) SCHEDULES | |
| (3) EXHIBITS. The following exhibits required by Item 601 to be filed herewith are incorporated by reference to previously filed documents: |
|
Exhibit Number |
Description | |
| 31.1 | Certification of CEO pursuant to Sec. 302 | |
| 31.2 | Certification of CFO pursuant to Sec. 302 | |
| 32.1 | Certification of CEO pursuant to Sec. 906 | |
| 32.2 | Certification of CFO pursuant to Sec. 906 | |
| 101.INS | XBRL Instances Document | |
| 101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document | |
| 101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document | |
| 101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document | |
| 101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document | |
| 101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document | |
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| Focus Universal Inc. | |||
| Dated: November 14, 2022 | By: |
/s/ Desheng Wang Desheng Wang Chief Executive Officer | |
| Dated: November 14, 2022 | By: |
/s/ Duncan Lee Duncan Lee Chief Financial Officer | |
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